[OWF]Offshore Wind Farm Transportation and Installation
2021/5/23更新
這篇文章講解風場經過融資、規劃取得執照後
風電設備的前期製造、安裝、測試整個流程
透過文字和網路上影片讓大家能夠了解接high level的面貌
筆者風電經歷
2020做過TP到陸上變電站的通訊系統
2021做過船隻mobilisation 和onshore cable pull-in
2022海上變電站試車測試
目錄
Seabed intervention
HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling
Foundation(Pin piles &Jacket) T&I
LV/HV YAT, SAT
Offshore WTG(Wind Turbine Generator) T&I
Cable T&I
Offshore Substation
Onshore Substation T&ISeabed intervention
Dredging and trenching
Rock Installation and Ballasting
HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling
To avoid railroad, highway, river, urban environment and environmental area, HDD is needed so the pipeline can go through under the ground
-Bore hole filled with bentonite to stabilize the bore, cool the drilling head and lubricate the pipe stream
-Drill head punch out
-Drill head pull back
-Forward(Backward) reaming to enlarge the bore hole diameter
-HDPE pipeline pull back from onshore to offshore
-demob and site restoration
how to design the route?
how to follow the route? Is there any indicator?
Foundation(Pin piles &Jacket) T&I
after pin pills are hammered, and foundation installed, concrete rock/mattresses are installed to protect the outer edges of the construction
install scour protection to foundation structure
LV/HV YAT, SAT
pull-in and spliced in splice box in TP
Offshore WTG(Wind Turbine Generator) T&I
Shipping the foundation, turbines components from cargo ship to the warehouse and latter to the designated site for installation
MIV Massive Installation Vessel does the heavy weight lifting
Foundation (jacket type)
-install pile installation frame (PIF) to guide the piles
-rig and lower the piles past through the PIF(some vessel has lifting capacity of 1500tons)
-use hammer to press the piles to required depth (noise reduction bubble curtain required)
-remove PIF
-place the jacket onto pre-installed piles using gripping technology
-connect pre-assembled tower to connect to the jacket, where fixing bolts present
-connect nacelle to the tower
-connect the pre-assembled rotor to the nacelle
Mono Pile WTG Installation
-monopile pile installed
-connect transition piece(TP)
-connect tower
-place nacelle
-install blades
Cable T&I
export cable
Transportaion:
load-out transpooling between vessel and carousel(tank)
onshore spooling
Installation
Beach pull-in(last 2~3 weeks)
weather window and wave is the most crucial for timing.
-Starfish take the winch wire from the shore to tensioner on the jack-up barge
-Tug boat tow winch wire from the tensioner to the CLV(cable laying vessel) to connect to the cable pulling head.
-Tug boat help cable float-out from CLV(attached to se serpent/buoys) to connect to the tensioner
-Starfish takes the cable from the tensioner to near shore and guide cable into the HDPE pipe
-Winch on the other side starts to pull
-Divers remove the buoys on the cable
PS.The some CLV is equipped with trencher to immediately bury the cable after it is laid.
through HDD to TJB and then spliced and joined with onshore cable FIMT.
Cable pulled inside substation and later T&T work
Cable laying
trench and ballast to protect and stabilise pipeline and cables
there are excavator in near shore trench and bury the cable
Post Cable Installation T&T(Test and Termination)
Procedure A
*Uni-directionnal TDR of electrical conductors
*OTDR of FO unit (100% uni-directionnal)
Procedure B
*DC Continuity test
*OTDR of FO unit (100% uni-directionnal)
Cable Jointing in TJB
Post jointing testing
Procedure C
* DC continuity test
*OTDR of FO unit (100% uni-directionnal)
Procedure D
* VLF test
* Uni-directionnal TDR of electrical conductors
* DC continuity test
* OTDR of FO unit (100% uni-directionnal)
OTDR(Optical Time Domain Reflectometer):laser injected to the fibre optics to trace signal loss through the connector, splice point, bending and break in the cable. This can be shown on the power and distance reflectometer
TDR(Time Domain Reflectometry): electric pulse sent in a conductor to detect discontinuity in impedance by observing the waveform. Variation in impedance generate reflected pulses that superpose with the incident pulseThis can be used to locate the splice, connector…fault location and cable length
VLF(Very Low Frequency) test : the electrical test to check long cables’ integity (if there is water treeing or electrical treeing) using low frequency AC current to decrease the needed power, see this video
Interarray
First end pull-in
CPS(Cable Pulling System) installation on CLV
CLV steers close to one jacket
ROV brings out a messenger wire and attach to the cover of J tube
Connect it to the CPS on CLV
Winch inside the TP starts to pull through the hang-off openings
Second end pull-in
CLV steers close to next TP at the same time trench and buries the cable
more detailed system when laying
CPS(Cable Pulling System) installation on CLV
ROV brings out a messenger wire and attach to the cover of J tube
Connect it to the CPS on CLV
Winch inside the TP starts to pull through the hang-off openings
ROV trencher treches the Interarray cable
Offshore Substation:
Substations are locations where transmission lines are tied together. They fulfill a number of functions. One of them is that they allow power from different generating stations to be fed into the main transmission corridors
Substations provide a location:
- Where compensation devices such as shunt or series reactors or capacitors can be connected to the transmission system.
-Where transmission lines can be de-energized, either for maintenance or because of an electrical malfunction involving the line.
-For protection, control, and metering equipment.
shunt reactor
