2023 臺灣工業淨零政策建議書 Policy Report: Key Policy Mixes for Net-Zero industry in Taiwan

（English at below）：

中文摘要：

當全球各大主要經濟體陸續承諾2050淨零目標、提出積極的氣候政策及工業去碳化戰略時，國發會也在2022年3月底發布了「臺灣2050淨零排放路徑及策略總說明」，提出「十二項關鍵戰略」來推動淨零目標。在此基礎上，經濟部工業局同年九月也公佈了「製造部門2030淨零轉型路徑」報告，說明其短中期的措施規劃。

2050淨零目標的意義不僅僅是能源/電力系統去碳化，更是要進一步追求工業、乃至於難減排產業的淨零轉型。這對於高度仰賴國際貿易、且重工業在我國產業結構佔有一定地位的臺灣而言，可謂艱鉅的挑戰。若要為此做好準備，工業局除了持續協助輔導中小企業減碳（節能）工作之外，亦應思考如何規劃上位的工業淨零整合戰略 ，來加速整體產業邁向淨零。因此，臺灣氣候行動網絡與關心氣候議題的公民團體主張：臺灣淨零關鍵戰略應「12+1」，即：主管機關應在既有的十二項關鍵戰略基礎之上，提出一整合性的工業淨零戰略。

此建議書從國際研究的視角及思維切入，盤點了臺灣2030淨零轉型路徑以及當前十二項關鍵戰略可改善之處：中長期淨零目標（里程碑）的建立、政策工具的強化，以及可促使整體戰略制定更加妥善的支持機制。並進一步介紹可加速重工業（難減排產業）去碳化的三項政策工具及其對臺灣的意涵，三項工具分別為：創造綠色需求的「低碳公共工程採購」、推動綠色生產的「碳差價合約」，以及資訊面政策工具的「擴大企業/產品氣候相關資訊揭露與品質」。

完整的工業淨零轉型政策涵蓋甚廣，本書所提供的政策建議僅是當中的一小部分，尚需更多利害相關人參與討論、合作規劃，才能推動政策落實且持續改善之。在這部分，民間團體期待主管機關（不論是主責或協辦單位）皆能秉持「資訊公開」、「各方利害關係人參與」，以及「具體回應社會各界意見」此三大原則，建立統一的淨零戰略長期溝通與檢核監督機制，如此方能強化各界合作，共同推動臺灣邁向淨零。

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Summary:

Last year, Taiwan’s National Development Council published the “Taiwan’s Pathway to Net-zero Emissions by 2050” and “12 Key Strategies” to respond the trends of 2050 net-zero goals that have been committed by many economies in the world. Based on the targets and strategies, Taiwan’s Industrial Development Bureau also proposed “Net-zero Transition Pathway of Industrial Sector by 2030” to further explain its short- and medium-term plans to drive industrial decarbonization.

It is true that the Taiwanese government has made some progress regarding climate policy planning, but it is not sufficient to ensure that Taiwan meets the climate pledges. The biggest problem may be that the “12 Key Strategies” do not have a coherent action plan to decarbonize industrial sector nor innovative policy tools to encourage hard-to-abate industries to adopt low-carbon technologies — despite they produce around 40% of the country’s emissions. Instead of an ambitious industrial plan, measures to cut emissions in industries are scattered across 12 strategies on hydrogen, energy efficiency, carbon capture and other areas. In view of this, Taiwan Climate Action Network (TCAN) advocates that Taiwan’s net-zero strategies should be “12+1,” i.e. the Industrial Development Bureau should come up with an integrated industrial decarbonization plan based on the existing 12 key strategies. Moreover, relevant policy instruments should be innovated, and the policy process needs to be more inclusive and transparent. To provide comprehensive suggestions and call for more stakeholders’ participation, TCAN published the policy report: Key Policy Mixes for a Net-Zero industry in Taiwan.

In this policy report, TCAN pointed out many areas that should be improved in current industrial policy, furthermore, we introduced three policy tools that play crucial roles to decarbonize hard-to-abate industries as well. In chapter 2, we reviewed critical international research and experience, examined Taiwanese government’s documents related to the measures of industrial GHG reduction, and then provided key recommendations for the authority, including the establishment of interim targets (milestones), strengthening of climate laws and regulations, and supporting mechanism for industrial net-zero transition. In chapter 3, we highlight three policy tools that can accelerate GHG reduction in industrial sector, including demand-side mechanism: “green public procurement (low carbon procurement) for public construction projects,” supply-side mechanism: “carbon contracts for difference (CCfD)” and information-based tool: “tracking major enterprises’/ products’ climate performance (climate disclosure improvement).” Here we not only presented the policy rationale but also emphasized the implications for Taiwan.

A comprehensive industrial net-zero policy covers a variety of fields, and this policy brief just dealt with some topics. To develop an effective and inclusive industrial low-carbon transition strategy, it is necessary to invite more stakeholders to participate policy planning, implementation, and evaluation. Therefore, in the policy brief, TCAN also suggest that the authorities shall establish a unified long-term communication mechanism during the policy process by adhering to three principles: “disclosures of policy progress,” “civil society engagement,” and “concrete response to the opinions of stakeholders,” otherwise, it will be difficult to have people’s support toward to Net-zero target.

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