HW#47 串接You bike API + 資料存到Core Data

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彼得潘的 Swift iOS / Flutter App 開發教室

76 min readMay 4, 2024

這次的練習目的，主要是想要承接上次練習JSON作業中，能夠做出顯示Youbike 站名 / 空車位 / 可使用車輛 / 更新時間等資料，找到附近Youbike站，並且能夠導航到，並能夠將這些資料儲存在Core data裡面，希望藉此能夠做出比較實用一點的App。

由於之前我有使用過Terry CK所製作的追垃圾車的App，因為這個App真的蠻實用的，我自己也會想要做點實用的產品，所以我因爲這個App了解到不少關於MapKit的相關知識(好奇心真的會害死人)，真的很感謝Terry的啟發！

垃圾車 — 動態追蹤 iOS App

App Store限時免費下載中: https://apple.co/2FLyTXX

terryck.medium.com

‎垃圾車 - 動態追蹤

Read reviews, compare customer ratings, see screenshots and learn more about 垃圾車 - 動態追蹤. Download 垃圾車 - 動態追蹤 and enjoy…

apps.apple.com

#19 串接第三方 API，解析 JSON 資料，轉換成自訂型別顯示

#19 串接第三方 API，解析 JSON 資料，轉換成自訂型別顯示

作業目的: 學習利用 URLSession 抓取後台的 JSON 資料，利用 JSONDecoder 和 Codable 將 JSON 資料生成自訂型別。

medium.co

功能如下:

目錄
1. 串接Api內容，並將完整內容顯示在mapView上。
2. 客制UIView，顯示目前車輛數 / 車輛空缺數 / 更新時間 / 導航按鈕 ／ 加入最愛清單，並且在用#Preview marco的功能，能夠及時更新UI的畫面。
3. 透過點擊navigationButton，並用CLLocationManager找到user的定位
4. 點擊routeButton之後，自動跳出導航頁面。
5. 點擊favoriteButton，將資料儲存到FavoriteListTableView，並將資料儲存到Core data，並將資料儲存到Favorite tableView VC。
6. 如何制定Protocol & Delegate?

串接Api內容，並將完整內容顯示在mapView上。

將API網址丟到Postman裡面，並且認識一下資料內的型別，準備定義資料型別。

定義model 資料型別:

import UIKit
import MapKit
import CoreLocation

struct Youbike: Codable {
    var sna: String     // YouBike中文站名
    var snaen: String   // YouBike英文站名
    var tot: Int        // 場站總車格
    var sbi: Int       // 場站目前車輛數，現在作為可選字段
    var bemp: Int      // 目前空位數量，現在作為可選字段
    var lat: Double     // 緯度
    var lng: Double     // 經度
    var sarea: String   // 市區名
    var ar: String      // 路名
    var sareaen: String // 英文市區名
    var aren: String    // 英文路名
    var srcUpdateTime: String
    var updateTime: String
    
    // MKAnnotation requires a 'coordinate' property
    var coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D { CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: lat, longitude: lng) }

    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case sna, snaen, sarea, ar, sareaen, aren, srcUpdateTime, updateTime
        case tot = "total"
        case sbi = "available_rent_bikes"
        case bemp = "available_return_bikes"
        case lat = "latitude"
        case lng = "longitude"
    }
    
    // 使用 `decodeIfPresent` 方法來解碼可選字段
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        sna = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .sna)
        snaen = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .snaen)
        tot = try container.decode(Int.self, forKey: .tot)
        sbi = try container.decodeIfPresent(Int.self, forKey: .sbi) ?? 0
        bemp = try container.decodeIfPresent(Int.self, forKey: .bemp) ?? 0
        lat = try container.decode(Double.self, forKey: .lat)
        lng = try container.decode(Double.self, forKey: .lng)
        sarea = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .sarea)
        ar = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .ar)
        sareaen = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .sareaen)
        aren = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .aren)
        srcUpdateTime = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .srcUpdateTime)
        updateTime = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .updateTime)
    }
}

基本上我們可以從政府官方資料上找到我們會使用到的資訊。

以下為解析官方所提供的資料:

srcUpdateTime:微笑單車系統發布資料更新的時間

mday:微笑單車各場站來源資料更新時間

updateTime:北市府交通局數據平台經過處理後將資料存入DB的時間

infoTime:微笑單車各場站來源資料更新時間

infoDate:微笑單車各場站來源資料更新時間

tot: 場站總停車格

sbi: 場站目前車輛數量

bemp: 空位數量

act: 全站禁用狀態(0:禁用、1:啟用)

再來我們先運用JSON Decoder解析API網址以後，把資料存到YouBike data 這個常數裡面，並且定義一個variable為youbikeAnnotation的array，然後我再用for-loop將youbikeData 每ㄧ筆資料儲存到station裡面。

並且將annotation 定義為YoubikeAnnotation的類別做存取，再將annotations.append的方式，再將資料加到annotations這個常數裡面。

然後再用DispatchQueue.main.async的寫法，將UI部署在main thread上，並且將每個站名資料直接更新在mapView上。

Code snippet:

    // MARK: - fetchYoubikeData
    func fetchYoubikeData() {
        if let urlString = "https://tcgbusfs.blob.core.windows.net/dotapp/youbike/v2/youbike_immediate.json".addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .urlQueryAllowed),
           let url = URL(string: urlString) {
            URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { [weak self] data, response, error in
                guard let self = self else { return }
                
                if let data = data {
                    do {
                        let decoder = JSONDecoder()
                        decoder.keyDecodingStrategy = .convertFromSnakeCase
                        let youbikeData = try decoder.decode([Youbike].self, from: data)
                        
                        // Prepare to update the mapView with new annotations
                        var annotations = [YoubikeAnnotation]() // Use your custom annotation class
                        for station in youbikeData {
                            // Create an instance of YoubikeAnnotation for each station
                            let annotation = YoubikeAnnotation(stationData: station)
                            annotations.append(annotation)
                        }
                        // Update UI by using DispatchQueue.main.async
                        DispatchQueue.main.async {
                            // Remove existing annotations to avoid duplicates
                            self.mapView.removeAnnotations(self.mapView.annotations)
                            // Add the new set of annotations
                            self.mapView.addAnnotations(annotations)
                        }
                    } catch {
                        print(error)
                    }
                }
            }.resume()
        }
    }

Reference :

Fetching website data into memory | Apple Developer Documentation

Receive data directly into memory by creating a data task from a URL session.

developer.apple.com

DispatchQueue 的簡單應用

本篇內容以非常初階的方式介紹 DispatchQueue，同時會說明 iOS 體系裡最流行的多緒處理的技術 GCD 和一些應用情境和範例，後來也有用在公司培訓初次接觸 iOS 工程師的一段課程裡。不過本篇的主題不是最新 Swift 5.5…

pinkpika.github.io

客制UIView，顯示目前車輛數 / 車輛空缺數 / 更新時間 / 導航按鈕／加入最愛清單，並且在用#Preview marco的功能，能夠及時更新UI的畫面:

Information View:

功能一：顯示站名資料。

功能二：點擊favoriteBtn ，將所選站名儲存到Core data裡面。

功能三：點選站名，存取站名資料，並且點擊routeBtn導航到想要的站名。

Code snippet:

//
//  InformationView.swift
//  HW#44-JSON Decoder
//
//  Created by Dawei Hao on 2024/3/17.
//

import UIKit

// Protocol definition
protocol InformationViewDelegate: AnyObject {
    func favoriteButtonDidTap()
    func routeBtnDidTap ()
}


class InformationView: UIView {
    
    weak var delegate: InformationViewDelegate?
    
    static let informationView: UIView = UIView()
    
    let bikeImageView: UIImageView  = UIImageView()
    let docksImageView: UIImageView = UIImageView()
    let bikeLabel: UILabel  = UILabel()
    let docksLabel: UILabel = UILabel()
    
    var bikeQtyLabel: UILabel = UILabel()
    var dockQtyLabel: UILabel = UILabel()
    
    var stationNameLabel: UILabel   = UILabel()
    var addressLabel: UILabel       = UILabel()
    var bikeVacanciesLabel: UILabel = UILabel()
    var distanceLabel: UILabel      = UILabel()
    var updateTimeLabel: UILabel    = UILabel()
    
    let favoriteButton: UIButton = UIButton(type: .system)
    let routeButton: UIButton    = UIButton(type: .system)
    
    let bikeStackView: UIStackView = UIStackView()
    let dockStackView: UIStackView = UIStackView()
    
    let bikeStatusStackView: UIStackView = UIStackView()
    
    let buttonStackView: UIStackView = UIStackView()
    let labelsStackView: UIStackView = UIStackView()
    
    let contentStackView: UIStackView = UIStackView()
    
    // MARK: - Life Cycle
    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
        setupUI()
        addTargets ()
    }
    
    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: coder)
        fatalError("Unable to load the InformationView.")
    }
    
    // MARK: - Functions
    func setupUI () {
        self.backgroundColor = Colors.infoViewBackgroundColor
        
        configureBikeQtyLabel()
        configureDockQtyLabel()
        
        configureBikeLabel()
        configureDocksLabel ()
        configureBikeImageView()
        configureParkingSignImageView ()
        
        configureStationNameLabel ()
        configureAddressLabel  ()
        configureDistanceLabel    ()
        configureUpdateTimeLabel ()
        configureRouteButton()
        configureFavoriteButton ()
        
        configureBikeStackView()
        configureDockStackView ()
        
        configureButtonStackView()
        configureLabelsStackView ()
        
        configureBikeStatusStackView ()
        configureContentStackView ()
        
        constraintsButtonStackView()
        constraintsBikeStatusStackView ()
    }
    
    func addTargets () {
        favoriteButton.addTarget(self, action: #selector(favoriteBtnTapped), for: .touchUpInside)
        routeButton.addTarget(self, action: #selector(routeBtnTapped), for: .touchUpInside)
    }
    
    func configureBikeImageView () {
        bikeImageView.image = Images.bike
        bikeImageView.tintColor = Colors.lightGray
        bikeImageView.contentMode = .scaleAspectFit
        self.addSubview(bikeImageView)
    }
    
    func configureParkingSignImageView () {
        docksImageView.image = Images.parkingSign
        docksImageView.tintColor = Colors.lightGray
        docksImageView.contentMode = .scaleAspectFit
        self.addSubview(docksImageView)
    }
    
    func configureBikeQtyLabel () {
        bikeQtyLabel.text                      = "0"
        bikeQtyLabel.textColor                 = Colors.lightGray
        bikeQtyLabel.font                      = UIFont.boldSystemFont(ofSize: 15)
        bikeQtyLabel.numberOfLines             = 0
        bikeQtyLabel.textAlignment             = .left
        bikeQtyLabel.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = true
        self.addSubview(bikeQtyLabel)
    }
    
    func configureDockQtyLabel () {
        dockQtyLabel.text                      = "0"
        dockQtyLabel.textColor                 = Colors.lightGray
        dockQtyLabel.font                      = UIFont.boldSystemFont(ofSize: 15)
        dockQtyLabel.numberOfLines             = 0
        dockQtyLabel.textAlignment             = .left
        dockQtyLabel.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = true
        self.addSubview(dockQtyLabel)
    }
    
    func configureBikeLabel () {
        bikeLabel.text                      = "Bikes"
        bikeLabel.textColor                 = Colors.lightGray
        bikeLabel.font                      = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 8)
        bikeLabel.numberOfLines             = 0
        bikeLabel.textAlignment             = .left
        bikeLabel.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = true
        self.addSubview(bikeLabel)
    }
    
    func configureDocksLabel () {
        docksLabel.text                      = "Docks"
        docksLabel.textColor                 = Colors.lightGray
        docksLabel.font                      = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 8)
        docksLabel.numberOfLines             = 0
        docksLabel.textAlignment             = .left
        docksLabel.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = true
        self.addSubview(docksLabel)
    }
    
    func configureStationNameLabel () {
        stationNameLabel.text                      = "Loading..."
        stationNameLabel.textColor                 = Colors.white
        stationNameLabel.font                      = UIFont.boldSystemFont(ofSize: 18)
        stationNameLabel.numberOfLines             = 0
        stationNameLabel.textAlignment             = .left
        stationNameLabel.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = true
        self.addSubview(stationNameLabel)
    }
    
    func configureAddressLabel () {
        addressLabel.text                          = "Loading..."
        addressLabel.textColor                     = Colors.lightGray
        addressLabel.font                          = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 10)
        addressLabel.numberOfLines                 = 0
        addressLabel.textAlignment                 = .left
        addressLabel.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth     = true
        self.addSubview(addressLabel)
    }
    
    func configureDistanceLabel () {
        distanceLabel.text                         = "Loading..."
        distanceLabel.textColor                    = Colors.white
        distanceLabel.font                         = UIFont.boldSystemFont(ofSize: 15)
        distanceLabel.numberOfLines                = 0
        distanceLabel.textAlignment                = .left
        distanceLabel.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth    = true
        self.addSubview(distanceLabel)
    }
    
    func configureUpdateTimeLabel () {
        updateTimeLabel.text                      = "Loading..."
        updateTimeLabel.textColor                 = Colors.lightGray
        updateTimeLabel.font                      = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 10)
        updateTimeLabel.numberOfLines             = 0
        updateTimeLabel.textAlignment             = .left
        updateTimeLabel.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = true
        self.addSubview(updateTimeLabel)
    }
    
    func configureRouteButton () {
        var title = AttributedString("Route")
        title.font = UIFont.boldSystemFont(ofSize: 12)
        
        var config                        = UIButton.Configuration.filled()
        config.cornerStyle                = .large
        config.attributedTitle            = title
        config.image                      = Images.arrowTurnUpRight
        config.imagePlacement             = .leading
        config.imagePadding               = 5
        config.buttonSize                 = UIButton.Configuration.Size.mini
        config.baseForegroundColor        = Colors.darkGray
        config.background.backgroundColor = Colors.white
        
        routeButton.configurationUpdateHandler = { routeButton in
            routeButton.alpha = routeButton.isHighlighted ? 0.5 : 1
            print("DEBUG PRINT: routeBtn isHighlighted")
        }
        
        routeButton.configuration         = config
        routeButton.changesSelectionAsPrimaryAction = true
    }
    
    func configureFavoriteButton () {
        var title = AttributedString("Favorite")
        title.font = UIFont.boldSystemFont(ofSize: 12)
        
        var config                        = UIButton.Configuration.filled()
        config.cornerStyle                = .large
        config.attributedTitle            = title
        config.image                      = Images.starFill
        config.imagePlacement             = .leading
        config.imagePadding               = 2
        config.buttonSize                 = UIButton.Configuration.Size.mini
        config.baseForegroundColor        = Colors.white
        config.background.backgroundColor = Colors.systemYellow
        
        favoriteButton.configurationUpdateHandler = { favoriteButton in
            favoriteButton.alpha = favoriteButton.isHighlighted ? 0.5 : 1
            print("DEBUG PRINT: favoriteBtn isHighlighted")
        }
        
        favoriteButton.configuration = config
        favoriteButton.changesSelectionAsPrimaryAction = true
    }
    
    func configureBikeStackView () {
        bikeStackView.axis = .vertical
        bikeStackView.alignment = .center
        bikeStackView.spacing   = 0
        bikeStackView.distribution = .fill
        bikeStackView.addArrangedSubview(bikeImageView)
        bikeStackView.addArrangedSubview(bikeLabel)
    }
    
    func configureDockStackView () {
        dockStackView.axis = .vertical
        dockStackView.alignment = .center
        dockStackView.spacing   = 0
        dockStackView.distribution = .fill
        dockStackView.addArrangedSubview(docksImageView)
        dockStackView.addArrangedSubview(docksLabel)
    }
    
    func configureBikeStatusStackView () {
        bikeStatusStackView.axis = .horizontal
        bikeStatusStackView.alignment = .lastBaseline
        bikeStatusStackView.spacing = 5
        bikeStatusStackView.distribution = .fill
        bikeStatusStackView.addArrangedSubview(bikeStackView)
        bikeStatusStackView.addArrangedSubview(bikeQtyLabel)
        bikeStatusStackView.addArrangedSubview(dockStackView)
        bikeStatusStackView.addArrangedSubview(dockQtyLabel)
    }
    
    func configureButtonStackView () {
        buttonStackView.axis      = .horizontal
        buttonStackView.alignment = .center
        buttonStackView.spacing   = 10
        buttonStackView.distribution = .fill
        buttonStackView.addArrangedSubview(routeButton)
        buttonStackView.addArrangedSubview(favoriteButton)
    }
    
    func configureLabelsStackView () {
        labelsStackView.axis = .vertical
        labelsStackView.distribution = .fill
        labelsStackView.spacing      = 5
        labelsStackView.addArrangedSubview(stationNameLabel)
        labelsStackView.addArrangedSubview(addressLabel)
        labelsStackView.addArrangedSubview(distanceLabel)
        labelsStackView.addArrangedSubview(updateTimeLabel)
    }
    
    func configureContentStackView () {
        contentStackView.axis = .vertical
        contentStackView.distribution = .fill
        contentStackView.alignment    = .leading
        contentStackView.spacing      = 10
        contentStackView.addArrangedSubview(bikeStatusStackView)
        contentStackView.addArrangedSubview(labelsStackView)
    }
    
    // MARK: - Actions:
    @objc func routeBtnTapped (_ sender: UIButton) {
        print("DEBUG PRINT: routeBtnTapped")
        delegate?.routeBtnDidTap()
    }
    
    @objc func favoriteBtnTapped (_ sender: UIButton) {
        print("DEBUG PRINT: favoriteBtnTapped")
        delegate?.favoriteButtonDidTap()
    }
    
    // MARK: - Layout Constraints:
    func constraintsButtonStackView () {
        self.addSubview(buttonStackView)
        buttonStackView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            buttonStackView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.trailingAnchor, constant: -20),
            buttonStackView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.bottomAnchor, constant: -20),
            routeButton.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 100),
            routeButton.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 40),
            favoriteButton.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 100),
            favoriteButton.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 40),
        ])
    }
    
    func constraintsBikeStatusStackView () {
        stationNameLabel.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 20).isActive = true
        addressLabel.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 15).isActive     = true
        distanceLabel.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 15).isActive    = true
        updateTimeLabel.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 15).isActive  = true
        
        bikeImageView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 30).isActive = true
        bikeImageView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 20).isActive = true
        docksImageView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 30).isActive = true
        docksImageView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 20).isActive = true
        
        bikeQtyLabel.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 20).isActive = true
        dockQtyLabel.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 20).isActive = true
        
        bikeLabel.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 25).isActive = true
        docksLabel.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 25).isActive = true
        
        self.addSubview(contentStackView)
        contentStackView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            contentStackView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.leadingAnchor, constant: 30),
            contentStackView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.bottomAnchor, constant: -20),
        ])
    }
    
}

// MARK: - Preview:
#Preview(traits: .fixedLayout(width: 420, height: 160), body: {
    let informationView = InformationView()
    return informationView
})

Custom MKAnnotation:

Youbike Annotation:

HW#47 Youbike API showing different status

Edit description

youtube.com

為了要在地圖上的某個座標得到一個車站的資訊，必須從API裡面找到所需的資料，所以必須設定這個類別(Class)為一個MKAnnotation 的物件，同時也必須定義為NSObject。

NSObject是從Objective-C來的，基本上所有的物件都是從它建立而來的，可以說是物件的始祖。

我從在mapVC裡面設定一個名叫stationData 的array，好讓API的資料可以存在裡面，並且將stationData的陣列裡面取出資料出來。

import UIKit
import MapKit

class YoubikeAnnotation: NSObject, MKAnnotation {
    var title: String?
    var subtitle: String?
    var coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D
    var image: UIImage?
    var stationData: Youbike
    var address: String?

    init(stationData: Youbike) {
        self.title       = stationData.sna.replacingOccurrences(of: "YouBike2.0_", with: "")
        self.subtitle    = "剩餘車輛: \(stationData.sbi) / 剩餘車位: \(stationData.bemp)"
        self.coordinate  = CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: stationData.lat, longitude: stationData.lng)
        self.stationData = stationData
        self.address     = stationData.ar
        super.init()
    }
}

點擊navigationButton並透過CLLocationManager找到user的定位

Demo:

功能目的:

主要目的是透過CLLocationManager，是為了找到user的位置，能透過自身的位置，找到附近的腳踏車站。

建立一個locationManager。

    // Create the location manager.
    let locationManager = CLLocationManager()

建立location Manager的function

首先先import locationManager的delegate(代理機制)，再來設定下列相關Method。

desiredAccuracy為設定經緯度的精準度的屬性。

kCLLocationAccuracyBest為最佳的精準度方法，是否要使用這個設定可以根據自身需求去調整。

requestAlwaysAuthorization 這個功能主要是跟使用者請求，當使用者在使用app的時候，可以得到相關地點的資料的Method。

requestWhenInUseAuthorization 為user在請求app使用期間使用定位服務的許可。

showsUserLocation在地圖上顯示使用者位置

Code snippet:

    // MARK: 設定Location Manager
    func setupLocationManager () {
        // import delegate
        locationManager.delegate = self
        // Define the accuracy
        locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBest
        locationManager.requestAlwaysAuthorization()
        locationManager.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()
        locationManager.requestLocation()
        mapView.showsUserLocation = true
    }

在Info.plist設定Privacy — Location 相關資料

Reference:

CLLocationManager | Apple Developer Documentation

The object that you use to start and stop the delivery of location-related events to your app.

developer.apple.com

CLLocation Manager in Swift to get Location of User

I am trying to convert an old app in ObjC to Swift as a practice exercise and have ran in to some issues. The way I had…

stackoverflow.com

點擊routeButton之後，自動跳出導航頁面:

Demo:

HW#47 Youbike API showing navigation from current location

Edit description

youtube.com

簡單來講一下，navigation功能大致上的做法，基本上我是用MKMapviewDelegate裡面的didSelect的protocol來達成這個功能。

基本上，我先宣告一個變數為CLLocationCoordinate2D的型別，叫didSelectedLocation。

然後我選到Youbike站的座標之後，運用didSelect的delegate存到座標位置，然後因為MapItem 需要透過 MKPlacemark 初始化，所以我們現在需要將我們存取的座標轉換成一個 MKPlacemark ，之後再轉換成 MKMapItem。

你會覺得以上我是在供三小呢? 由於Mapkit比較複雜，以下是不同型別的解釋！

什麼是MKPlacemark?

Ans: MKPlacemark是由coordinate定義出來的一個Class(類別)，這個Class(類別)是由CLLocationCoordinate2D所組成的。

什麼是MKMapItem?

Ans: MKMapItem是一個NSObject的Class(類別)，是可以透過MKMapItem轉換到MKPlacemark得到coordinate的相關資訊的做法，同時也可以用 openMaps(with:launchOptions:)方法，打開Maps app並且選取特定的地點做導航。

Code snippet:

    // MARK: - Import the InfoView Delegate:
    func routeBtnDidTap() {
        print("DEBUG PRINT: InfoView's RouteBtn")
        
        // 取得目的地的座標
        let targetCoordinate = didSelectedLocation

        // 取得目的地的座標後，將座標改成placeamark的型別.
        let targetPlacemark = MKPlacemark(coordinate: targetCoordinate!)
        
        // 將 placeamark的型別改成 MKMapItem，並命名為targetItem
        let targetItem = MKMapItem(placemark: targetPlacemark)
        targetItem.name = didSelectedStationName
        
        // 取得使用者的座標
        let userMapItem = MKMapItem.forCurrentLocation()
        
        // Build the routes from userMapItem to targetItem
        let routes = [userMapItem, targetItem]
        
        // Default setting for user by using walking to the destination.
        MKMapItem.openMaps(with: routes, launchOptions: [MKLaunchOptionsDirectionsModeKey : MKLaunchOptionsDirectionsModeWalking])
    }

Reference :

MKMapViewDelegate:

MKMapViewDelegate | Apple Developer Documentation

Optional methods that you use to receive map-related update messages.

developer.apple.com

mapView(_:didSelect:) | Apple Developer Documentation

Tells the delegate when the user selects one or more of its annotation views.

developer.apple.com

MKMapItem:

MKMapItem | Apple Developer Documentation

A point of interest on the map.

developer.apple.com

openMaps(with:launchOptions:) | Apple Developer Documentation

Opens the Maps app and displays the specified map items.

developer.apple.com

Day 21: 使用原生的地圖導航吧！ — iT 邦幫忙::一起幫忙解決難題，拯救 IT 人的一天

透過地圖上的使用者當前位置以及目標位置，開啟 Apple 原生地圖來導航吧！前言：前幾次教學我們學會了如何加入一個地圖、如何標示地圖以及如何客製化標記元件，這次教學我們將來實作地圖中非常強大也經常…

ithelp.ithome.com.tw

點擊favoriteButton，將資料儲存到FavoriteListTableView，並將資料儲存到Core data，並將資料儲存到Favorite tableView VC。

點擊favoriteButton:

在MapViewController裡面建立InformationView裡面專屬的delegate叫InformationViewDelegate，讓user在使用這個功能的時候，可以點擊favoriteButton，將選取的annotation的資料從定義好的YoubikeAnnotation傳送到FavoriteListViewController裡面。

    func favoriteButtonDidTap() {
        guard let selectedAnnotation = selectedPlaces as? YoubikeAnnotation else {
            print("DEBUG PRINT: No selected annotation to save.")
            return
        }

        // 直接保存到 CoreData
        savePlaceToCoreData(annotation: selectedAnnotation)
        print("DEBUG PRINT: Annotation saved.")

        // 打印 selectedAnnotation 的所有详细信息
        if let title = selectedAnnotation.title, let subtitle = selectedAnnotation.subtitle {
            print("""
                  DEBUG PRINT: Title: \(title), Subtitle: \(subtitle)
                  DEBUG PRINT: Coordinate: \(selectedAnnotation.coordinate.latitude), \(selectedAnnotation.coordinate.longitude)
                  """)
        } else {
            print("DEBUG PRINT: Annotation lacks title or subtitle")
        }

        favoriteButtonCount += 1
        print("favoriteBtnCount: \(favoriteButtonCount)")
    }

資料儲存到Core data:

如何建立core data?

首先，如果我們有需要使用core data，就必須建立一個data model(資料模型)，這個data model會根據工程師會依照需求所設定！

可以按下cmd + n，可以看到title上看到Core data裡面有一個data model的檔案，按下去就可以了～

根據資料的需求，建立attribute儲存的資料型別(資料型別可以是Int / Float / Double / string / date)。

記得手動將Codegen改成Manual。(通常是未修改前的Codegen是class definition)

建立完.xcdatamodeld完之後，再來就是要用程式去存取資料，首先我建立一個Core data的class(類別)，叫Core Data Stack。(命名的方式，是參考Apple官方的命名法)

它的結構圖，可以參考下方的圖解，基本上會有一個NSPersistentContainer去做資料的管理，管理下方三個物件，三個物件分別為Model / Context / Store coordinator。

Core Data stack structure from Apple Doc.

所以我參考了Paul的講解，確保資料有被永久被保存在我的資料庫Model裡面，首先建立一個persistentContainer為NSPersistentContainer，並且將NSPersistentContainer的name 設定為原本設定data model的名稱"FavoriteListDataModel"，因為 Core Data 使用這個名稱來查找和加載您的 .xcdatamodeld 文件。

再來就是使用 loadPersistentStores 方法來執行底層的存儲（通常是 SQLite 數據庫）。

當error時，我使用處理 if let 語法來抓load資料時，可能產生出來的錯誤。如果發生錯誤，這時會產生fatalError()，以便於了解確保這段程式碼在執行階段有沒有出了什麼問題。

lazy var persistentContainer: NSPersistentContainer = {
    let container = NSPersistentContainer(name: "FavoriteListDataModel")
    container.loadPersistentStores(completionHandler: { (storeDescription, error) in
        if let error = error as NSError? {
            fatalError("Unresolved error \(error), \(error.userInfo)")
        }
    })
    return container
}()

儲存 Context

實現儲存上下文功能：在 CoreDataStack 中建立一個 saveContext 的function，該function負責檢查 viewContext 是否有未保存的變更。

如果有，則儲存這些變更。這是使用 context.save() 完成的，如果沒有儲存成功，則透過 fatalError 產生一個未解決錯誤的訊息。

// MARK: - Core Data Saving support
    func saveContext () {
        let context = persistentContainer.viewContext
        if context.hasChanges {
            do {
                try context.save()
            } catch {
                let nserror = error as NSError
                fatalError("Unresolved error \(nserror), \(nserror.userInfo)")
            }
        }
    }

Code snippets:

import UIKit
import CoreData

class CoreDataStack {
    lazy var persistentContainer: NSPersistentContainer = {
        let container = NSPersistentContainer(name: "FavoriteListDataModel")
        container.loadPersistentStores(completionHandler: { (storeDescription, error) in
            if let error = error as NSError? {
                fatalError("Unresolved error \(error), \(error.userInfo)")
            }
        })
        return container
    }()
    
    // MARK: - Core Data Saving support
    func saveContext () {
        let context = persistentContainer.viewContext
        if context.hasChanges {
            do {
                try context.save()
            } catch {
                let nserror = error as NSError
                fatalError("Unresolved error \(nserror), \(nserror.userInfo)")
            }
        }
    }
}

Reference:

Core Data stack | Apple Developer Documentation

Manage and persist your app's model layer.

developer.apple.com

https://www.hackingwithswift.com/read/38/3/adding-core-data-to-our-project-nspersistentcontainer

FavoriteListViewController:

建立一個fetchedResultsController ，這是一個Generic的寫法，這是一個Controller用來管理Core data的fetch request以及展示資料給user的一個controller。

func initializeFetchedResultsController() {
        let request: NSFetchRequest<FavoriteListData> = FavoriteListData.fetchRequest()
        let sortDescriptor = NSSortDescriptor(key: "stationName", ascending: true)
        request.sortDescriptors = [sortDescriptor]
        fetchedResultsController = NSFetchedResultsController(fetchRequest: request, managedObjectContext: self.managedObjectContext, sectionNameKeyPath: nil, cacheName: nil)
        fetchedResultsController.delegate = self
        do {
            try fetchedResultsController.performFetch()
        } catch {
            print("Failed to initialize FetchedResultsController: \(error)")
        }
    }

NSFetchedResultsController in Apple Doc.

針對程式的部分，基本上可以參考Apple文件內的寫法。

另外，我有一個NSManagedObjectContext的variable，可以做為管理及儲存物件的context，然後呼叫我上方所制定的CoreDataStack的Class，讓managedObjectContext可以作為coreDataStack裡面的persistentContainer的物件內容。

managedObjectContext = coreData.persistentContainer.viewContext

由於FavoriteList的資料顯示是要從Core data裡面找到顯示的資料，所以必須從Core data裡的sections的section裡面找到資料，並且運用UITableViewDelegate & UITableViewDataSource 這兩個protocol，將儲存在Core data裡面的資料內容顯示出來，再根據我所建立好的FavoriteListTableViewCell顯示資料內容。

// UITableViewDataSource
    func numberOfSections(in tableView: UITableView) -> Int {
        return fetchedResultsController.sections?.count ?? 1
    }
    
    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
        return fetchedResultsController.sections?[section].numberOfObjects ?? 0
    }
    
    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
        let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: FavoriteListTableViewCell.identifier, for: indexPath) as! FavoriteListTableViewCell
        configureCell(cell, at: indexPath)
        cell.backgroundColor = Colors.white
        return cell
    }

    func configureCell(_ cell: FavoriteListTableViewCell, at indexPath: IndexPath) {
        let favoriteListData = fetchedResultsController.object(at: indexPath)
        // 使用安全的可选链或提供默认值来避免崩溃
        cell.stationNameLabel?.text = favoriteListData.stationName ?? "Unknown Station"
        cell.addressLabel?.text = favoriteListData.address ?? "No Address"
        cell.bikeQtyLabel?.text = favoriteListData.bikeQty ?? "N/A"
        cell.dockQtyLabel?.text = favoriteListData.dockQty ?? "N/A"
    }

Code snippets:

class FavoriteListViewController: UIViewController, UITableViewDataSource, UITableViewDelegate, NSFetchedResultsControllerDelegate {
    
    var fetchedResultsController: NSFetchedResultsController<FavoriteListData>!
    
    var coreData: CoreDataStack = CoreDataStack()
    
    var managedObjectContext: NSManagedObjectContext!
    
    let favoriteListTableView: UITableView = UITableView()
    let refreshControl: UIRefreshControl = UIRefreshControl()
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        managedObjectContext = coreData.persistentContainer.viewContext
        
        setupUI()
        initializeFetchedResultsController()
    }
    
    func initializeFetchedResultsController() {
        let request: NSFetchRequest<FavoriteListData> = FavoriteListData.fetchRequest()
        let sortDescriptor = NSSortDescriptor(key: "stationName", ascending: true)
        request.sortDescriptors = [sortDescriptor]
        fetchedResultsController = NSFetchedResultsController(fetchRequest: request, managedObjectContext: self.managedObjectContext, sectionNameKeyPath: nil, cacheName: nil)
        fetchedResultsController.delegate = self
        do {
            try fetchedResultsController.performFetch()
        } catch {
            print("Failed to initialize FetchedResultsController: \(error)")
        }
    }

    func setupUI() {
        configureFavoriteListTableView()
        configureNavigationBar()
        setupRefreshControl()
    }

    func configureNavigationBar() {
        let appearance = UINavigationBarAppearance()
        appearance.configureWithOpaqueBackground()
        appearance.backgroundColor = Colors.lightGray
        appearance.titleTextAttributes = [NSAttributedString.Key.foregroundColor: Colors.darkGray]
        
        navigationController?.navigationBar.standardAppearance = appearance
        navigationController?.navigationBar.tintColor = Colors.systemYellow
        
        navigationItem.title = "Favorite Station List"
        view.backgroundColor = Colors.white
    }

    func setupRefreshControl() {
        refreshControl.attributedTitle = NSAttributedString(string: "Pull to refresh")
        refreshControl.addTarget(self, action: #selector(refresh(_:)), for: .valueChanged)
        favoriteListTableView.addSubview(refreshControl)
    }

    @objc func refresh(_ sender: AnyObject) {
        // Code to refresh table view
        refreshControl.endRefreshing()
        favoriteListTableView.reloadData()
    }

    func configureFavoriteListTableView() {
        favoriteListTableView.backgroundColor = Colors.white
        favoriteListTableView.dataSource = self
        favoriteListTableView.delegate = self
        favoriteListTableView.rowHeight = 100
        favoriteListTableView.register(FavoriteListTableViewCell.nib(), forCellReuseIdentifier: FavoriteListTableViewCell.identifier)
        favoriteListTableView.frame = view.bounds
        view.addSubview(favoriteListTableView)
        
        favoriteListTableView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            favoriteListTableView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.topAnchor),
            favoriteListTableView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leadingAnchor),
            favoriteListTableView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.trailingAnchor),
            favoriteListTableView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.bottomAnchor)
        ])
    }

    // UITableViewDataSource
    func numberOfSections(in tableView: UITableView) -> Int {
        return fetchedResultsController.sections?.count ?? 1
    }
    
    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
        return fetchedResultsController.sections?[section].numberOfObjects ?? 0
    }
    
    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
        let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: FavoriteListTableViewCell.identifier, for: indexPath) as! FavoriteListTableViewCell
        configureCell(cell, at: indexPath)
        cell.backgroundColor = Colors.white
        return cell
    }

    func configureCell(_ cell: FavoriteListTableViewCell, at indexPath: IndexPath) {
        let favoriteListData = fetchedResultsController.object(at: indexPath)
        // 使用安全的可选链或提供默认值来避免崩溃
        cell.stationNameLabel?.text = favoriteListData.stationName ?? "Unknown Station"
        cell.addressLabel?.text = favoriteListData.address ?? "No Address"
        cell.bikeQtyLabel?.text = favoriteListData.bikeQty ?? "N/A"
        cell.dockQtyLabel?.text = favoriteListData.dockQty ?? "N/A"
    }
    
    // UITableViewDelegate
    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, didSelectRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) {
        tableView.deselectRow(at: indexPath, animated: true)
    }

    // Swipe to delete
    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, trailingSwipeActionsConfigurationForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UISwipeActionsConfiguration? {
        let deleteAction = UIContextualAction(style: .destructive, title: "Delete") { action, view, completionHandler in
            self.deleteFavorite(at: indexPath)
            completionHandler(true)
        }
        deleteAction.backgroundColor = Colors.red
        return UISwipeActionsConfiguration(actions: [deleteAction])
    }

    func deleteFavorite(at indexPath: IndexPath) {
        let favoriteToDelete = fetchedResultsController.object(at: indexPath)
        managedObjectContext.delete(favoriteToDelete)
        do {
            try managedObjectContext.save()
        } catch {
            print("Error saving context after deletion: \(error)")
        }
    }

    // NSFetchedResultsControllerDelegate
    func controllerDidChangeContent(_ controller: NSFetchedResultsController<NSFetchRequestResult>) {
        DispatchQueue.main.async {
            self.favoriteListTableView.reloadData()
        }
    }
}

#Preview {
    UINavigationController(rootViewController: FavoriteListViewController())
}

Reference:

第一次使用Core Data就上手:

https://www.tpisoftware.com/tpu/articleDetails/2448?source=post_page-----a78949791a4e--------------------------------

Core Data教學:

Core Data

Core Data 是一個設計用來儲存資料的框架，背後操作的雖然仍是 SQLite ，但其簡化了資料庫的處理，讓你不用了解 SQL 指令也可以快速的為應用程式建立並使用資料庫。…

itisjoe.gitbooks.io

什麼是NSFetchedResultsController:

NSFetchedResultsController | Apple Developer Documentation

A controller that you use to manage the results of a Core Data fetch request and to display data to the user.

developer.apple.com

Invalid redeclaration on CoreData classes

Invalid redeclaration on CoreData classes

I am working with CoreData, on an entity called "RoleName". The problem is: I click on "Create NSManagedObject…

stackoverflow.com

[APP開發-使用Swift] 19–1. 修改為Core Data 架構

[APP開發-使用Swift] 19–1. 修改為Core Data 架構

這篇文章將以上次我們開發的「我的餐廳」App為基礎，依照我們上次說明的Core Data架構，將餐廳儲存到資料庫中，並從資料庫取出。

medium.com

Core data or Userdefault?

UserDefaults or Core Data?

I need to store some objects in my app (Xcode 9.1, Swift 4). Currently, I'm storing it like this: class myItemManager {…

stackoverflow.com

Core Data 學習: 數據模型

https://read01.com/gx0yka.html

NSFetchedResultsController

NSFetchedResultsController | Apple Developer Documentation

A controller that you use to manage the results of a Core Data fetch request and to display data to the user.

developer.apple.com

建立FavoriteListTableView的tableViewCell:

Custom FavoriteTableViewCell:

這次的Favorite List TableViewCell，基本上我是運用Xib這個Class所製作的，這可以讓我在Interface builder裡面可以快速的建立UI。

Code snippet:

FavoriteListTableViewCell:

import UIKit

class FavoriteListTableViewCell: UITableViewCell {
    
    static let identifier = "FavoriteListTableViewCell"

    @IBOutlet weak var stationNameLabel: UILabel!
    @IBOutlet weak var bikeImageView: UIImageView!
    @IBOutlet weak var dockImageView: UIImageView!
    @IBOutlet weak var bikeQtyLabel: UILabel!
    @IBOutlet weak var dockQtyLabel: UILabel!
    @IBOutlet weak var addressLabel: UILabel!
    
    let bikeStackView: UIStackView = UIStackView()
    let contentStackView: UIStackView = UIStackView()
    
    override func awakeFromNib() {
        super.awakeFromNib()
        // Initialization code
        
        configureLabel()
        configureImageView()
        configureStackView()
        self.backgroundColor = Colors.white
    }

    override func setSelected(_ selected: Bool, animated: Bool) {
        super.setSelected(selected, animated: animated)
    }
    
    override func prepareForReuse() {
        super.prepareForReuse()
        print("DEBUG PRINT: prepareForReuse")
    }
    
    func configureStackView () {
        bikeImageView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 30).isActive = true
        bikeImageView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 30).isActive = true
        dockImageView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 30).isActive = true
        dockImageView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 30).isActive = true
        
        bikeQtyLabel.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 20).isActive = true
        bikeQtyLabel.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 20).isActive = true
        dockQtyLabel.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 20).isActive = true
        dockQtyLabel.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 20).isActive = true
        
        bikeStackView.axis = .horizontal
        bikeStackView.distribution = .fill
        bikeStackView.alignment = .center
        bikeStackView.spacing = 5
        bikeStackView.addArrangedSubview(bikeImageView)
        bikeStackView.addArrangedSubview(bikeQtyLabel)
        bikeStackView.addArrangedSubview(dockImageView)
        bikeStackView.addArrangedSubview(dockQtyLabel)
        bikeStackView.addArrangedSubview(addressLabel)
        
        contentStackView.axis = .vertical
        contentStackView.distribution = .fill
        contentStackView.alignment = .leading
        contentStackView.spacing = 5
        contentStackView.addArrangedSubview(stationNameLabel)
        contentStackView.addArrangedSubview(bikeStackView)
        
        self.addSubview(contentStackView)
        contentStackView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            contentStackView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.topAnchor, constant: 20),
            contentStackView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.leadingAnchor, constant: 15),
            contentStackView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.trailingAnchor, constant: -15),
            contentStackView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.bottomAnchor, constant: -10),
            contentStackView.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.centerXAnchor),
        ])
    }
    
    func configureLabel () {
        stationNameLabel.text = "0"
        stationNameLabel.textColor = Colors.darkGray
        stationNameLabel.textAlignment = .center
        stationNameLabel.numberOfLines = 0
        stationNameLabel.font = UIFont.boldSystemFont(ofSize: 20)
        
        bikeQtyLabel.text = "0"
        bikeQtyLabel.textColor = Colors.darkGray
        bikeQtyLabel.textAlignment = .center
        bikeQtyLabel.numberOfLines = 0
        bikeQtyLabel.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 15)
        
        dockQtyLabel.text = "0"
        dockQtyLabel.textColor = Colors.darkGray
        dockQtyLabel.textAlignment = .center
        dockQtyLabel.numberOfLines = 0
        dockQtyLabel.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 15)
        
        addressLabel.text = "0"
        addressLabel.textColor = Colors.darkGray
        addressLabel.textAlignment = .center
        addressLabel.numberOfLines = 1
        addressLabel.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 15)
        addressLabel.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = false
    }
    
    func configureImageView () {
        bikeImageView.image = Images.bikeWithCycle
        bikeImageView.tintColor = Colors.systemYellow
        bikeImageView.contentMode = .scaleAspectFit
        
        dockImageView.image = Images.parkingsignWithCycle
        dockImageView.tintColor = Colors.systemYellow
        dockImageView.contentMode = .scaleAspectFit
    }
    
    static func nib () -> UINib {
        return UINib(nibName: "FavoriteListTableViewCell", bundle: nil)
    }
    
}

Reference:

從 storyboard 的 controller 載入 xib 畫面

storyboard 和 xib 有很多共通點，都可以在 Interface Builder 製作畫面，但是如果想讓 storyboard 的 controller 載入 xib 畫面，讓 controller 同時享有…

medium.com

Building a Custom Component with XIB (iOS)

One of the most exhausting tasks in computing is when you need to rebuild something that has already been done before…

medium.com

如何制定Protocol & Delegate?

最後，我在這次的練習當中，學習到了如何自訂Protocol & Delegate，

首先在InfomationView的Class上方，制定一個protocol叫InfomationViewDelegate。

// Protocol definition
protocol InformationViewDelegate: AnyObject {
    func favoriteButtonDidTap()
    func routeBtnDidTap ()
}

再來就是在InformationView的Class裡面，撰寫一個weak var delegate叫做InfomationViewDelegate ，然後之後我們就可以在任何一個view Controller，帶入這個Protocol！

class InformationView: UIView {
    
    weak var delegate: InformationViewDelegate?
}

新增InformationViewDelegate 到MapViewController.

class MapViewController: UIViewController, InformationViewDelegate {
    
    // MARK: - Import the InfoView Delegate:
    func routeBtnDidTap() {
        print("DEBUG PRINT: InfoView's RouteBtn")
        
        // 取得目的地的座標
        let targetCoordinate = didSelectedLocation
        // 取得目的地的座標後，將座標改成placeamark的型別.
        let targetPlacemark = MKPlacemark(coordinate: targetCoordinate!)
        
        // 將 placeamark的型別改成 MKMapItem，並命名為targetItem
        let targetItem = MKMapItem(placemark: targetPlacemark)
        targetItem.name = didSelectedStationName
        
        // 取得使用者的座標
        let userMapItem = MKMapItem.forCurrentLocation()
        
        // Build the routes from userMapItem to targetItem
        let routes = [userMapItem, targetItem]
        
        // Default setting for user by using walking to the destination.
        MKMapItem.openMaps(with: routes, launchOptions: [MKLaunchOptionsDirectionsModeKey : MKLaunchOptionsDirectionsModeWalking])
    }
    
    func favoriteButtonDidTap() {
        guard let selectedAnnotation = selectedPlaces as? YoubikeAnnotation else {
            print("DEBUG PRINT: No selected annotation to save.")
            return
        }

        // 直接保存到 CoreData
        savePlaceToCoreData(annotation: selectedAnnotation)
        print("DEBUG PRINT: Annotation saved.")

        // 打印 selectedAnnotation 的所有详细信息
        if let title = selectedAnnotation.title, let subtitle = selectedAnnotation.subtitle {
            print("""
                  DEBUG PRINT: Title: \(title), Subtitle: \(subtitle)
                  DEBUG PRINT: Coordinate: \(selectedAnnotation.coordinate.latitude), \(selectedAnnotation.coordinate.longitude)
                  """)
        } else {
            print("DEBUG PRINT: Annotation lacks title or subtitle")
        }

        favoriteButtonCount += 1
        print("favoriteBtnCount: \(favoriteButtonCount)")
    }

My GitHub Links:

GitHub - dwhao84/HW-44-JSON-Decoder

Contribute to dwhao84/HW-44-JSON-Decoder development by creating an account on GitHub.

github.com

HW#47 串接You bike API + 資料存到Core Data

垃圾車 — 動態追蹤 iOS App

App Store限時免費下載中: https://apple.co/2FLyTXX

‎垃圾車 - 動態追蹤

Read reviews, compare customer ratings, see screenshots and learn more about 垃圾車 - 動態追蹤. Download 垃圾車 - 動態追蹤 and enjoy…

#19 串接第三方 API，解析 JSON 資料，轉換成自訂型別顯示

作業目的: 學習利用 URLSession 抓取後台的 JSON 資料，利用 JSONDecoder 和 Codable 將 JSON 資料生成自訂型別。

Fetching website data into memory | Apple Developer Documentation

Receive data directly into memory by creating a data task from a URL session.

DispatchQueue 的簡單應用

本篇內容以非常初階的方式介紹 DispatchQueue，同時會說明 iOS 體系裡最流行的多緒處理的技術 GCD 和一些應用情境和範例，後來也有用在公司培訓初次接觸 iOS 工程師的一段課程裡。 不過本篇的主題不是最新 Swift 5.5…

HW#47 Youbike API showing different status

Edit description

CLLocationManager | Apple Developer Documentation

The object that you use to start and stop the delivery of location-related events to your app.

CLLocation Manager in Swift to get Location of User

I am trying to convert an old app in ObjC to Swift as a practice exercise and have ran in to some issues. The way I had…

HW#47 Youbike API showing navigation from current location

Edit description

MKMapViewDelegate | Apple Developer Documentation

Optional methods that you use to receive map-related update messages.

mapView(_:didSelect:) | Apple Developer Documentation

Tells the delegate when the user selects one or more of its annotation views.

MKMapItem | Apple Developer Documentation

A point of interest on the map.

openMaps(with:launchOptions:) | Apple Developer Documentation

Opens the Maps app and displays the specified map items.

Day 21: 使用原生的地圖導航吧！ — iT 邦幫忙::一起幫忙解決難題，拯救 IT 人的一天

透過地圖上的使用者當前位置以及目標位置，開啟 Apple 原生地圖來導航吧！ 前言： 前幾次教學我們學會了如何加入一個地圖、如何標示地圖以及如何客製化標記元件，這次教學我們將來實作地圖中非常強大也經常…

點擊favoriteButton:

資料儲存到Core data:

Core Data stack | Apple Developer Documentation

Manage and persist your app's model layer.

Core Data

Core Data 是一個設計用來儲存資料的框架，背後操作的雖然仍是 SQLite ，但其簡化了資料庫的處理，讓你不用了解 SQL 指令也可以快速的為應用程式建立並使用資料庫。…

NSFetchedResultsController | Apple Developer Documentation

A controller that you use to manage the results of a Core Data fetch request and to display data to the user.

Invalid redeclaration on CoreData classes

I am working with CoreData, on an entity called "RoleName". The problem is: I click on "Create NSManagedObject…

[APP開發-使用Swift] 19–1. 修改為Core Data 架構

這篇文章將以上次我們開發的「我的餐廳」App為基礎，依照我們上次說明的Core Data架構，將餐廳儲存到資料庫中，並從資料庫取出。

UserDefaults or Core Data?

I need to store some objects in my app (Xcode 9.1, Swift 4). Currently, I'm storing it like this: class myItemManager {…

NSFetchedResultsController | Apple Developer Documentation

A controller that you use to manage the results of a Core Data fetch request and to display data to the user.

建立FavoriteListTableView的tableViewCell:

從 storyboard 的 controller 載入 xib 畫面

storyboard 和 xib 有很多共通點，都可以在 Interface Builder 製作畫面，但是如果想讓 storyboard 的 controller 載入 xib 畫面，讓 controller 同時享有…

Building a Custom Component with XIB (iOS)

One of the most exhausting tasks in computing is when you need to rebuild something that has already been done before…

GitHub - dwhao84/HW-44-JSON-Decoder

Contribute to dwhao84/HW-44-JSON-Decoder development by creating an account on GitHub.

Written by  Dawei

本篇內容以非常初階的方式介紹 DispatchQueue，同時會說明 iOS 體系裡最流行的多緒處理的技術 GCD 和一些應用情境和範例，後來也有用在公司培訓初次接觸 iOS 工程師的一段課程裡。不過本篇的主題不是最新 Swift 5.5…

透過地圖上的使用者當前位置以及目標位置，開啟 Apple 原生地圖來導航吧！前言：前幾次教學我們學會了如何加入一個地圖、如何標示地圖以及如何客製化標記元件，這次教學我們將來實作地圖中非常強大也經常…