Navigating Clean Water Act: Pollution and Water Quality Legislation to Litigation Case Law
The Clean Water Act (CWA) 33 U.S.C. §1251 et seq. (1972) was enacted to protect the quality of the nation’s waters. The
Federal Water Pollution Control Act was enacted in 1948 which led to the Clean Water Act being passed by United States Congress in 1972 to strengthen water quality standards,, control pollution, and enforcement mechanisms.
At the time of its enactment, many rivers and lakes were heavily contaminated with pollutants, posing significant risks to public health, aquatic ecosystems, and recreational activities. The primary objectives of the Clean Water Act are to: Restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation’s waters . Eliminate the discharge of pollutants into navigable waters. Ensure that surface waters are fishable and swimmable.
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Provide financial assistance and technical support to state and local governments for water quality management programs. Regulate pollutant discharges through National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), which requires permits for point source discharges into surface waters; water…
