Prediction of Intrauterine Growth Restriction in High Pulsatility Index of Uterine Artery | Chapter 02 | Current Trends in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3
Introduction: Intrauterine growth restriction is a significant cause of neonatal mortality. The uterine artery Doppler waveform becomes transformed into a high flow with low resistance at 22–24 weeks. The apt way to reduce intrauterine growth restriction is to identify the antenatal factors, which ascertain the uterine milieu and nutrient bioavailability. This chapter highlights the relation between abnormal uterine artery flow and resultant fetal growth restriction in a tertiary care center. Presence of high pulsatility is a significant risk factor for early onset IUGR as compared to late onset IUGR. Abnormal Doppler waveforms within the uterine arteries are indicative of elevated resistance. The perfusion at the trophoblast-maternal interphase is high velocity, low volume and intermittent, resulting in intrauterine growth retardation. This subsequently leads to the damage of fetal tertiary stem villi floating in the intervillous space. The sensitivity is better for early onset IUGR. This chapter concludes that high pulsatility index in uterine arteries can lead to intrauterine growth restriction .The plausible explanation is reduced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) from maternal decidual natural killer cells. This study concludes that high pulsatility index in uterine arteries is associated with intrauterine growth restriction. This occurs due to inadequate VEGF secretion from maternal decidua resulting inhigh velocity, low volume diastolic flow in the uterine artery supplying the spiral arterioles, that subsequently leads to the damage of fetal tertiary stem villi floating in the intervillous space. As resistance increases in uterine arteries, the velocity of blood flowing also increases from 10 cm/sec to 1–2 m/s. The uterine artery supplies both the trophoblast maternal interphase and the uterine arterial venous circulation. Most blood increases uterine arterial venous circulation and helps in the development of uterine musculature and local milieu of gestation and protects against post partum hemorrhage. Only a partial amount of blood flowing through uterine arteries is pumped into the dilated spiral arteries and sprinkled (cf shot) over tertiary fetal stem villi in the intervillous space. The damage to placental bed may be ischemic, hemodynamic, oxidative or immunological. The high velocity, low volume, intermittent perfusion by the uterine artery supplying the intervillous space at the trophoblast-maternal interphase can cause hemodynamic and oxidative damage resulting in intrauterine growth retardation. The sensitivity and negative predictive value are better for early onset IUGR.
Author(s) Details
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, India.
Dr Sunayana Srinivasan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Good Samaritan Hospital and Medical Center, New York, USA.
Dr Krishnamurthy Jayashree
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, India.
Dr Kulasekaran Nadhamuni
Department of Radiology, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, India.
Dr Meenakshi Subbiah
Department of Radiology, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, India.
Dr P Vijayaraghavan
Department of Research, Saveetha University, Chennai,India.
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View Volume: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ctmmr/v3
