Autism Spectrum Disorder — brief explanation
Autism is a neurodivergent disorder uprising since birth of an individual and seen in prominence at age 2–5. it is referred to as spectrum because of the variation in its type and severity of symptoms experienced by people.
what is Autism?
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by social, communication and behavioral changes.
symptoms seen in patients of such are divided into 2 parts social and communication and behaviour-
social and communication-
1- fail to respond to name, or appear to no hear
2- resist cuddling or holding, prefer playing alone.
3 — poor eye contact
4- doesn’t point or bring objects
5- appear not to understand simple questions or instructions, etc.
patterns of behavior-
1- performs repetitive movements such as rocking, spinning etc.
2- perform activities of self-harm.
3- develop specific routines or rituals and become disturbed at its slightest disturbance.
4- unusually sensitive to light, sound or touch.
5- don’t engage in imitation.
how can we help autistic patients in day-to-day life?
Supporting an autistic individual in day-to-day life requires understanding their unique needs, strengths, and challenges. Here are some practical ways an individual can provide assistance and create a supportive environment:
- Listen Actively: Be a patient and active listener. Give the person enough time to process information and respond.
- Use Visual Supports: Visual aids like schedules, charts, and pictures can be valuable tools for enhancing communication and understanding tasks.
- Encourage Special Interests: Support and encourage the autistic person’s special interests. These interests can serve as a source of joy, motivation, and personal growth.
- Provide Positive Reinforcement: Offer praise and positive reinforcement for accomplishments and efforts. Positive feedback can encourage desired behaviors and boost self-esteem.
- Respect Personal Boundaries: Be respectful of the individual’s personal space and boundaries. Ask for permission before initiating physical contact.
- Practice Empathy and Patience: Understand that autistic individuals may experience challenges with social interactions and communication. Be patient and empathetic, avoiding judgment.
- Promote Social Opportunities: Help facilitate social opportunities and interactions in a supportive environment. Encourage participation in activities that align with the person’s interests.
- Support Emotional Regulation: Assist the individual in developing emotional regulation skills. Offer coping strategies to manage stress, anxiety, and frustration.
- Provide Opportunities for Independence: Encourage and support the autistic person in developing life skills to foster independence and self-confidence.
- Collaborate with Others: Work collaboratively with family members, caregivers, teachers, and other support professionals to create a cohesive and well-coordinated support network.
- Advocate for Inclusion: Support the inclusion of autistic individuals in all aspects of life, including education, employment, and community activities.
- Offer Breaks: Recognize signs of stress or overload and provide opportunities for sensory breaks in a calming environment.
- Be a Friend: Be a supportive and understanding friend to the autistic individual. Engage in activities they enjoy and create a positive, non-judgmental relationship.
Remember that each autistic individual is unique, and what works for one person may not work for another. Tailor your support to the individual’s specific needs and preferences. Always respect their autonomy, choices, and dignity while providing assistance. Open communication and a willingness to learn and adapt will contribute to a positive and supportive relationship.
