The perennial question of why we dream may be illuminated by neuroscientist David Eagleman’s innovative theory, suggesting that dreams, occurring during Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, act as a defense mechanism for the brain’s visual cortex. In contrast to conventional theories focusing on emotional processing or memory enhancement, Eagleman’s theory revolves around the brain’s adaptability and the imperative to protect the visual cortex.
Drawing an intriguing parallel between neuronal competition and international territorial disputes, Eagleman proposes that a lifetime of experiences reshapes the brain’s map. When sensory inputs undergo changes, neurons engage in competitive struggles for neural territory. Eagleman’s theory underscores the dynamic nature of the brain, citing cases of neuroplasticity where the remaining brain reorganizes to compensate for missing sections.
REM sleep, typically occurring around 90 minutes after falling asleep, aligns with the visual cortex’s defense timetable. Brain scans reveal that dreams predominantly activate the visual cortex during REM sleep. Eagleman argues that the more adaptable the brain, the greater the necessity for REM sleep, citing the substantial REM sleep requirement for babies with highly plastic brains.
While some researchers maintain skepticism, Eagleman acknowledges that his theory can coexist with other explanations for dreams, recognizing the multifaceted nature of REM sleep. As the scientific community continues to grapple with the enigma of dreams, Eagleman’s hypothesis introduces a fresh perspective, portraying dreams as nightly guardians of the brain’s visual territory.
