Gatot Soedarto
9 min readApr 2, 2016

No doubt: Einstein’s General Theory Of Relativity Was Wrong

Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity

There are two kinds of Einstein’s theory of relativity. The first theory is special relativity announced in the year 1905 with the famous equation of E = mc2, that describes the propagation of matter and light at high speeds.

The second theory, general relativity, was announced in 1915. This theory was born stimulated by the new fact just realized later on by Einstein that his theory on Special Relativity was found to be inconsistent with the gravity theory of Newton, declaring that the space objects pull to each others with the force whose magnitude is determined by distance between the said objects.

His hypothesis in theory on special relativity that the light velocity is the highest speed in this universe is in controversy with the gravity of Newton. The velocity of force attracting to each others among objects at the space, for example the attracting force of the moon causing the change in short time in the form of movement of sea tide on earth has the meaning that the gravity effect spreads at the boundless speed, not at the light velocity or lower.

Einstein’s hypothesis on gravity

At his theory on general relativity, Einstein declared a new law on gravity, stating that gravity was not a force as commonly known at the Newton’s gravity theory, but a part of inertia.. His gravity law illustrated the object behaviour at the gravity field, for instance the planets, not in the sense of ‘the attracting forcer’ but only in the sense of the crossing track being taken. For Einstein, gravity is a part of inertia. The movement of stars and planets originates from their inertia derivation, and the crossing track taken is determined by the space metrical nature, or more precisely the continuous space-time.

“Einstein’s Law of Gravitation contains nothing about force. It describes the behaviour of objects in a gravitational field — the planets, for example — not in terms of ‘ attraction ‘ but simply in terms of the paths they follow. To Einstein, gravitation is simple part of inertia; the movement of the stars and the planets arise from their inherent inertia; and the courses they follow are determined by the metric properties of space — or, more properly speaking, the metric properties of the space-time continuum “ (Lincoln Barnett, The Universe and Dr. Einstein, London, June 1949, page 72 ).

At his theory on general relativity, Einstein concluded that the light just as other material objects, moved in curve if gravity field of an object was massive. Einstein suggested that his hypothesis could be tested to observe the crossing track of the star light at gravity field of the sun. Due to the fact that the stars are not visible at day time, there is only one chance when the sun and the stars can be seen together at the sky, and that is the time when there is a solar eclipse.

Test of General Relativity

He suggested that the photo taken to the stars at the time when the sun was dark during the solar eclipse was compared to the photo of the same stars taken at other time / at night time. According to his hypothesis, the star light visible around the sun would be bent inwards, toward the sun at the time when passing through the gravity field of the sun, so that the picture of the stars would be visible for the observers on earth shifting outwards from their actual position in the sky. Einstein calculated the level of their deviation and predicted that for the stars observed being the closest to the sun, their deviation was about 1.75 seconds of an arc.

The tests / proving method of a theory as suggested by Einstein was recorded at the bookThe Universe and Dr. Einstein’ written by Lincoln Barnett, published for the first time in London in June 1949. The Preface of this book was written by Albert Einstein himself.(The Universe and Dr.Einstein,Lincoln Barnett,London,1949,page 78–79 -archive.org)

“From these purely theoretical considerations Einstein concluded that light, like any material object, travels in a curve when passing through the gravitational field of a massive body. He suggested that his theory could be put to test by observing the path of starlight in the gravitational field of the Sun. Since the stars are invisible by day, there is only one occasion when Sun and stars can be seen together in the sky, and that is during an eclipse.

Einstein proposed therefore, that photographs be taken of the stars immediately bordering the darkened face of the sun during an eclipse and compared with photographs of those same stars made at another time. According to his theory, the light from the stars surrounding the Sun should be bent inward, toward the Sun, in traversing the Sun’s gravitational field; hence the images of these stars should appear to observer on earth to be shifted outward from their usual positions in the sky.

Einstein calculated the degree of deflection that should be observed and predicted that for the stars closest to the Sun the deviation would be about 1.75 seconds of an arc.Since he staked his whole General Theory of Relativity on this test, men of science throughout the world anxiously awaited the findings of expeditions which journeyed to equatorial regions to photograph the eclipse of May 29, 1919. When their pictures were developed and examined, the deflection of the starlight in the gravitational field of the sun was found to average 1.64 seconds — a figure as close to perfect agreement with Einstein’s prediction as the accuracy of instruments allowed.“

The Universe and Dr.Einstein,Lincoln Barnett,London,1949,page 78 -archive.org

The tests / proving method as suggested by Einstein was carried out by a team of English scientists led by Arthur Stanley Eddington.

Based on data from the Royal Astronomical Society, Arthur Eddington aimed to the group of Hyade stars from the city of Oxford in England at the nights in the months of January and February 1919. After that, Eddington together with his team left for Principe Island in West of Africa, and aimed to the Hyade stars during the solar eclipse on the date of May 29, 1919 at the city of Roca Sundy.

In the month of May 1919 the weather in Principe was not favourable because it was cloudy, and so was the time before the eclipse. However, Eddington succeeded in taking the photo of the solar eclipse taking place for 6 minutes 30 seconds. And the calculation output on light deviation by Arthur Eddington was 1.62 seconds of an arc, close to the Einstein’s calculation output of 1.75 seconds of an arc.

It is really hard to understand that the proving method was conducted by a team led by Arthur Eddington. Therefore, output of the said proving performed by Arthur Eddington must be rejected.

Moreover later on it was found out that based on the data from RAS (Royal Astronomical Society) that in the year 1919 RAS had sent two teams of expedition, namely Arthur Eddington and Edwin Cottingham to Principe Island in West of Africa, Andrew Crommelin and Charles Davidson to Sobral in North East of Brazil.

Calculation output of Arthur Eddington’s team was 1.62 seconds of an arc, while the calculation output of Andrew Crommelin was 0.93 seconds of an arc. This very vivid difference was ignored as if the expedition team performing the measuring from Sobral never existed.

The famous Eclipse Experiment in 1919/Arthur Eddington Experiment actually was error. That’s why Einstein and Arthur Eddington never received Nobel Prize for theory of relativity.

The Nobel citation reads that Einstein is honoured for “services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect”. At first glance, the reference to theoretical physics could have been a back door through which the committee acknowledged relativity. However, there was a caveat stating that the award was presented “without taking into account the value that will be accorded your relativity and gravitation theories after these are confirmed in the future”.

To many, and to Einstein himself, this felt like a slap in the face. Hadn’t Eddington proved the theory? Yes, but the trouble was Eddington’s observations had not been perfect and he had discarded data he considered poor from his final analysis.(theguardian.com/science)

The proving method for hypothesis as suggested by Einstein as the theory founder should not be able to be carried out, considering the fact that in scientific exposure in astronomy, the instant observation applies. It means, all calculations to determine the ‘true position’ and the ‘apparent position’ of a certain star at the sky is only applicable at a certain time and at a certain place on which such observation is performed.

The observation on a star conducted twice from the places with different geographical positions will result the different height/altitude and azimuth of the star. The altitude and azimuth of a star indicates the position of the star at the time when the observation is performed. The altitude and azimuth of a star changes every time due to the daily movement of the said space objects.

Therefore, the proving method as conducted by Arthur Eddington, should not be able to be performed. Moreover, the observation / photos taking for the stars were performed twice with sufficiently long different interval of time.

The proving method on the theory on general relativity as requested by its founder, Albert Einstein, is not scientific and deeply wrong:

1.Deflection of light is the different angle between true position and apparent position of stars or the different of altitude. In astronomy, true position and apparent position of stars are three dimensionals.

All the photographs be taken of the stars are two dimensionals.

In this case Einstein ignored ‘The Space and Time’ or Celestial Sphere (Celestial Coordinate System), and ignored light refraction as the fundamental concepts in astronomy.

2.All the photographs be taken of solar eclipse ( the Sun and stars ) are photographs of the apparent positions of the Sun and stars. From these photos can not be use to calculate the deflection of light. No one can determine the correct angle of the deflection of light.

In this case Einstein ignored the experimental techniques

3.In astronomy, all calculations to determine the true position and the apparent position of a certain star at the sky is only applicable at a certain time and at a certain place on which such observation is performed.

To compared the photographs taken during an eclipse with photographs of those same stars made at another time is not scientific.

Conclusions:

Einstein’s proving method for his hypothesis the deflection of light by the Sun is not scientific and deeply wrong. General relativity has been wrong since the beginning.

Read more on Quora:

Albert Einstein Failed in Three Classical Tests

At his theory on general relativity, Einstein concluded that the light just as other material objects, moved in curve if gravity field of anobject was massive.

Albert Einstein proposed three tests of general relativity, subsequently called the classical tests of general relativity, in 1916:

1.the perihelion precession of Mercury’s orbit

2.the deflection of light by the Sun

3.the gravitational redshift of light

He also mentioned with comments:

“….If a single one of the conclusions drawn from it proves wrong, it must be given up; to modify it without destroying the whole structure seems to be impossible.” (PhysicsIdiot.Quora)

New finding about Einstein’s proving method that isn’t scientific and ignored refraction of light, in accordance with the invention of Professor R. C. Gupta, India, on his paper ‘Bending of Light Near a Star and Gravitational Red/Blue Shift: Alternative Explanation Based on Refraction of Light’. And at the same time could be as complement and explain as written in the Abstract.

From Abstract: “The new alternative explanation is based on refraction phenomenon of optics. It predicts that as the ray passes through/near the star’s atmospheric medium, it bends due to refraction phenomenon towards star core, like a ray bends while passing through a prism or water drop.”(Bending of Light-Arxiv.org.pdf)

Here you’ll find my thoughts on writing and links to my published works: Medium, Quora, Twitter, Amazon. Read story about Science, Military, and Religion: My Blog and care on Health and Safety in this blog: Princess Mandalika. Thank you!

Gatot Soedarto

Navigator, former lecturer on Astronomy. Author: Logical Fallacies of Special and General Theory of Relativity, 1919 Eclipse and General Relativity.