Sustainable development through Bitcoin
This is the first of three articles, to be considered as a whole, that look at the potential of Bitcoin to drive sustainable development around the world. They will concentrate on Bitcoin for now, though I accept that it might be succeeded in the future by a superior protocol.
The first article is a toe-dip. It connects the values and interests underlying the Sustainable Development Goals and Bitcoin. The second article will illustrate specific use cases from around the world. The third will provide a forecast of potential and emerging policy issues for consideration at global, regional and national levels.
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“Never let a good crisis go to waste,” said one Winston Churchill.
To set things straight from the beginning, I don’t have a bust of the former British Prime Minister in my office. For one thing, he was rather off on his views of Mahatma Gandhi, the most influential British subject of the 20th Century.
The reason that this remark endures is obvious. We as a global community find ourselves in an accelerating centrifuge of crises that are economic, political and ultimately moral all at once.
The way out can seem to be more elusive at each turn. “Stop the world: I want to get off” isn’t an option yet, although Elon Musk is working on that one.
Disruptions abound. Disruption of the ecosystem, disruption of the political order, disruption of institutions, and disruption of societies (There are many ways to skin this cat, including this one from McKinsey Global Institute.)
These disruptions have created another crisis of a fundamental and corrosive kind: the loss of trust.
Why put faith in political classes who are raised, schooled and nakedly represent vested interests engaged in “socially useless” activity?
Why be surprised when public institutions that are mandated to protect and promote human rights go on to intrude into personal privacy and lawful behaviour?
Why trust large private businesses, that cultivate prospects through sophisticated psychographic and behavioral marketing, in order to sell goods and services that poison you and your children?
We stare at a world at war where the theatre of conflict isn’t just far away Abyssinia or Czechoslovakia or Manchuria or Spain. Or Iraq or Syria.
Today the theatre of war is everywhere.
Refugees might justifiably argue that “we are here because you were there,” but it’s become even more invidious than this.
The theatre is you and me and it is being fought on an increasingly intimate terrain.
If you’re reading this on your personal device, the war is happening in the palm of your hand through the likely encroachment of your privacy. Right now.
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It isn’t easy for good people to turn their back on struggling or compromised institutions, or to be wary of something as close to us as our personal device.
We grow up with them as part of our lives. We invest in them with the expectation that they will invest in us, or deliver benefits to us. They are part of who we are.
At least this is the working assumption in relatively developed societies. The story has been rather different in the majority of the world where countries and communities struggle daily to hold things together.
For the governments and peoples living in least-development countries, landlocked least-developed countries, and small-island developing states, crisis was the new normal decades ago.
Now spare a thought for women, men and children is territories wracked by conflict, with no government or business sector or rule of law.
Institutional crisis in specific jurisdictions has become a crisis of institutions everywhere.
Trust, a commodity that requires careful handling, is in peril. And it is not surprising that this prompts over-reaction towards extremes.
For some, public institutions are to blame, so we need to turn our back on them and go full-libertarian.
To others, private interests can be just as malevolent, or incompetent, or both, so we need the state to restore order.
We can have sympathy for both outlooks but the solutions arising from each side can descend quickly into dogma. Neither help.
What we need is a negotiated middle ground that makes sense for present and future generations. This middle ground belongs to a shared agenda powered by innovation.
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Two developments since the 2007–2008 economic crisis can, in my view, help and help enormously.
They both have some things in common. They both emerged from a hot mess and they are both still in their infancy.
At first glance they both seem implausible. They both face a challenge to pass the giggle test in an age where fear, uncertainty and doubt prevail.
They also share qualities that are altogether more positive. They promise a better world. They are the products of long experience and ingenuity. They are both brilliant in their design.
Chronologically, the first was Bitcoin, which emerged in 2009.
The second is the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the Sustainable Development Goals.
Here are the Goals in brief:
1. No Poverty
2. Zero Hunger
3. Good Health and Well-Being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean Water and Sanitation
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
10. Reduced Inequalities
11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
12. Responsible Consumption and Production
13. Climate Action
14. Life Below Water
15. Life on Land
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
17. Partnerships for the Goals
Is there a single one of these 17 goal, or any of their 169 targets, where Bitcoin cannot improve prospects? The answer may not be immediately obvious.
I expect that entrepreneurs, researchers, policy makers and institutions will be asking and acting on this question over the coming years.
The space ripe for investment.
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The origins of Bitcoin lie in code and cryptography. In its early adoption it has attracted the attention of bona fide entrepreneurs operating in a grey regulatory area prone to over-reaction, plus speculators and criminals.
In the space of eight years, Bitcoin and its underlying protocol has grown to the extent that central banks around the world and large financial institutions have begun to take serious notice.
This is good. Still, while its ecosystem is growing, many of its use cases are still hypothetical or untested, and some advocates are prone to wishful thinking. A few betray a whiff of technological fundamentalism.
Meanwhile, the Sustainable Development Goals arose in 2015 after sustained political debate and empirical evidence on what has and has not worked to improve the lot of people and planet.
Their number and complexity is an admission that the world we live in is inter-dependent. Long-term fixes in one location can have positive effects elsewhere.
For those skeptical of the ability of public and private institutions to come together to agree on an agenda this bold, the Sustainable Development Goals are a major source of inspiration and hope.
They enjoy traction in an otherwise distracted world.
Bringing Bitcoin and the Sustainable Development Goals together will take an act of loving midwifery. It will require patience, cultivation and evidence.
On this, we have precedence.
It took more than twenty years for the development and environment communities to come together and agree on terms of engagement. Why so long?
There are many, of course. Development as a profession privileges planners and economists who occasionally stumble into history, sociology and anthropology to understand lived realities. Environmental proponents tend to be natural scientists and activists.
These represent different, sometimes parallel cultures. It can take mega-trends or external shocks to force convergence. In the meantime, conservatism holds sway. Received wisdom, self-interest and a lack of lateral awareness dictate priorities and behaviour.
It can be a bemusing spectacle and we must expect more of the same.
Any effort to bring Bitcoin into the Sustainable Development Goals will require an appreciation of how to achieve successful convergence between communities of interest. It will take communication, experimentation and demonstration of value.
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Bitcoin is beginning to hint at intrinsic value, to the extent that its protocol has the potential to deliver material value to state, society, economy and individual.
Some argue that the ‘S-curve of technology adoption’, characterized by fractals repeating, exponentially increasing Gartner Hype Cycles, might in time force convergence. Perhaps.
At the same time, we should not underestimate the political economy of technology adoption.
It does not yet have the social capital that say, gold, enjoys. Its extrinsic value is still moot. This makes it vulnerable and a risky bet.
These are issues I’ll try and reflect on next time as we look at early examples of adoption across several of the Sustainable Development Goals.
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For now, it isn’t so much the old imperialist Churchill from whom we can draw inspiration. Instead it’s the wily Gandhi and his vision of the autonomous human being, free from encumbrance and able to pursue life to its full potential.
Born in the wake of crisis, the Sustainable Development Goals shape that course, and I believe Bitcoin can drive it.
