The Remarkable Similarity of Koala and Human Fingerprints

Forensic scientists turn to DNA testing to distinguish between the two

Fingerprints are one of the most reliable forms of identification, as no two people (or animals) have the same fingerprint pattern. While it is well known that human fingerprints are unique, it may come as a surprise that the fingerprints of koalas are also distinct and can sometimes be mistaken for human fingerprints. In this article, we will explore the striking similarity between human and koala fingerprints and how forensic scientists have had to use DNA testing to differentiate between the two.

The History of Fingerprint Analysis

Fingerprint analysis has a long and storied history dating back over a century. The first recorded use of fingerprints as a means of identification was in ancient Babylon, where fingerprints were used on clay tablets as a way of identifying individuals and their property. The practice of fingerprint analysis, as we know it today, however, began in the late 19th century. In 1892, Sir Francis Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin, published a book called “Fingerprints” in which he outlined the uniqueness and permanence of fingerprints.

Around the same time, an Englishman named Edward Henry developed a systematic method for classifying fingerprints, which is still in use today. Henry’s system divides fingerprints into three main types: arches, loops, and whorls. Using this system, forensic scientists are able to quickly and accurately identify an individual based on the unique patterns in their fingerprints.

The Similarity of Human and Koala Fingerprints

While it may seem unlikely, the fingerprints of koalas are strikingly similar to those of humans. In fact, forensic scientists have on occasion confused the fingerprints of the two species. Koala fingerprints have all of the same features as human fingerprints, including ridges, furrows, and sweat pores. The main difference between the two is the size and shape of the fingerprint pattern. Koala fingerprints are generally smaller and more oval in shape compared to human fingerprints, which are longer and more rectangular.

The Use of DNA Testing to Distinguish Between Human and Koala Fingerprints

Given the similarity between human and koala fingerprints, forensic scientists have had to turn to DNA testing to distinguish between the two. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and function of all living organisms. Every individual has a unique DNA profile, which can be used to identify them.

To test for DNA, forensic scientists use a process called polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR involves taking a small sample of DNA and replicating it millions of times, creating a large enough sample for analysis. By comparing the DNA profile of the sample to a known reference sample, forensic scientists can determine whether the fingerprints belong to a human or a koala.

The Implications of the Similarity of Human and Koala Fingerprints

The similarity between human and koala fingerprints has led to some interesting cases in forensic science. In one instance, a crime scene investigator in Australia collected a fingerprint from a crime scene and initially thought it belonged to a human suspect. Upon further analysis, however, it was determined that the fingerprint belonged to a koala that had wandered into the area.

In another case, a homeowner in the United States discovered a koala in their backyard and called the authorities. When the authorities arrived, they found that the koala had broken into the homeowner’s shed and stole some food. The koala left behind a fingerprint on a can of food, which was collected as evidence. The fingerprint was later analyzed and found to belong to the koala, much to the surprise of the authorities.

The remarkable similarity between human and koala fingerprints highlights the uniqueness and complexity of fingerprint patterns. While fingerprint analysis has been an invaluable tool in forensic science for over a century, the occasional confusion between human and koala fingerprints serves as a reminder of the importance of using multiple forms of identification, such as DNA testing, to accurately identify individuals.