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Nephrology is concerned with diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. It includes electrolyte disturbances and hypertension and care of those requiring renal replacement therapy, which also includes dialysis and renal transplant patients. Many diseases affecting the kidney are systemic disorders not limited to the organ itself and may require special treatment.

What do the kidneys do?

The kidneys are vital for life with their complex network of blood vessels and intricate network of tubes and tubules that filter blood of its waste products and excess water. The kidneys maintain the fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base regulation that are altered by several disease conditions as well as drugs and toxins.

Diseases under the branch of nephrology include:

• Glomerular disorders that affect the tiny filtering systems of kidneys called the glomerulus
• Urine abnormalities such as excess excretion of protein, sugar, blood, casts, crystals etc.
• Tubulointerstitial diseases affecting the tubules in kidneys
• Renal vascular diseases affecting the blood vessel networks within kidneys
• Renal failure that can be sudden or acute or long term or chronic
• Kidney and bladder stones
• Kidney infections
• Cancers of kidneys, bladder, and urethra
• Effects of diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure on kidneys
• Ill effects of drugs and toxins on kidneys