Brothers Divided: The Intricate Tapestry of Salazar, Franco, and the Iberian Relations

Barry Hatton, in his enlightening book ‘The Portuguese,’ vividly encapsulates Portugal’s unique geographic position, sandwiched between the tempestuous Atlantic Ocean and its formidable neighbor, Spain. While the ocean evoked a sense of familiarity, the perception of Spain as a risky and treacherous prospect loomed large. To grasp the complex relationship between these two nations and, in particular, the enigmatic interplay between their leaders Antonio Salazar and Francisco Franco, it is imperative to delve into their intertwined history.

The roots of tension between Portugal and Spain can be traced back to the early days when Portugal successfully repelled the Moorish incursions from its borders. The insatiable desire of both countries to expand their influence and explore the world brought about intense envy and hostility, fueling a long-standing rivalry. The Treaty of Tordesillas, a significant historical event that unfolded on June 7, 1494, in Tordesillas, Spain, and was approved in Setúbal, Portugal, marked a turning point in their imperial ambitions. This treaty divided the newly discovered regions beyond Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire (Crown of Castile). Despite their limited knowledge of the New World’s topography, Portugal and Spain adhered to the pact, while…