https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysx-FT6fllA The patient will have longstanding global pain that is inside the ankle. The patient will have antalgic gait with swelling of the ankle and decreased ankle motion. You want to check the sensation. Lack of sensation with Simmons–Weinstein 5.07 monofilament testing is important because insensate patients are poor candidates…

Written by: Vihan DeSilva with Dr. Nabil Ebraheim Spinal stenosis is a diagnosis mainly made through history and CT/MRI imaging as physical exam findings can be normal namely in lumbar spinal stenoses. A common finding along with painful extension of the spine and decreased lumbar lordosis is narrowing of the…

Written by Travis Brege with Dr. Nabil Ebraheim The steps of any orthopedic examination will follow the pattern of inspection, palpation, range of motion, and tests of strength for the key groups of muscles applying all the appropriate provocative tests and neurovascular examinations. First, in the inspection of the spine…

Written by Ryan Jones with Dr. Nabil Ebraheim Neck and upper extremities spine examination or cervical spine physical examination involves assessment of vertebrae C3-T2, cranial nerve roots C4-T1, and all the muscles innervated by these nerve roots along with the muscles associated with basic neck movement. …

Written by Katherine Esser and Dr. Nabil Ebraheim Neck pain is a common ailment of the American population, affecting 30 to 50% of adults annually. While there are numerous etiologies of neck pain, this is a brief review of the more common causes and modes of treatment. Firstly, radiculopathy from…

Written by Ali Mahmoud with Dr. Nabil Ebraheim There are many cysts that can occur in and around the knee joint. These types of cysts include an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ganglion cyst, meniscal cyst, and baker’s cyst. Ganglion cysts contain yellow viscous fluid surrounded by a thin capsule, and…

Written by Braden Womack with Dr. Nabil Ebraheim Bursas are synovium-lined, sac-like structures located throughout the body between skin and tendon or tendon and bone (1,2). The main function of bursa is to reduce the friction between areas of movement and some common locations are the shoulder, knee, hip, and elbow…

Written by Sarit Dhar with Dr. Nabil Ebraheim hEDS Diagnostic Checklist - The Ehlers Danlos Society Please click the image below to download the fillable PDF or click here for the printable version. Thanks to Roberto…www.ehlers-danlos.com While some people know what Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is, not many know that it is actually a group of 13 different disorders or types. One of the most prevalent types is Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS), accounting for 80–90% of EDS cases [1]…

Written by Jonathan Hunyadi with Dr. Nabil Ebraheim Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) a pathology in runners usually involving the anterior compartment of the leg. It is believed to result from swelling and hypoperfusion of muscle and nerve during physical activity. …