The problems of the blockchain:
If you want some keywords for blockchain, you may sum up it as: “Technology is amazing “, “The prospect is immeasurable”. For now the development of the blockchain is based on the first label and the second label as the driving force to solve the problem of “seriously unrealized ”. There are many problems to be solved from “unrealized” to “large-scale realized”, but the blockchain is essentially a technology. Any project based on the blockchain needs a hard core based on reliable Technology, and the blockchain has not yet established a sound technical infrastructure in the “realized “ process, which is the core problem of the existing blockchain.
What are the problems about the infrastructure blockchain infrastructure?
Expandability issues
For now the biggest limitation of blockchain technology is the serial data structure — the blocks that must be processed one by one — which fundamentally limits the blockchain. Although at the application level, various blockchain projects have been playing tricks, but as the “originator of the block” of the blockchain, both Bitcoin and Ethereum still have solved the problem of expansion.
Under the initial focus of decentralized the blockchain, the expansion plan of Bitcoin can be roughly divided into “blocks” and “isolated parties”. The block faction can increase the capacity of individual miners by increasing the capacity of individual blocks. Trading volume transactions, thereby improving the overall processing speed; the segregation advocates the establishment of a lightning network, and promotes the chain speed by migrating small transactions to the lightning network, but neither the block nor the isolation plan can get rid of the influence of blockchain serial data structure. The impact of the data structure will eventually reach the extended ceiling. Ethereum added Turing’s complete smart contract on the basis of Bitcoin, which gave birth to 1CO, but its founder Vitalik Buterin has been solving the expansion problem with no hesitation. For now , Vitalik Buterin is more inclined to PoS and fragmentation. Choosing PoS has a centralization hidden danger, and the fragmentation has not been realized yet.
Technological innovation goes to the extreme, blockchain technology is dismembered
Perhaps inspired by the mission of “building a century-old public chain”, or to establish itself as a strong competitor to catch up with bitcoin and ethereum, all kinds of “third generation public chain” have made many effort to solve the expansion problem, but most of them have sacrificed an important technical feature of blockchain. Generally, there are several common methods: firstly, change the consensus mechanism, such as Hyperledger’s PBFT and EOS’s PoS, which all undermine the decentralized characteristics of blockchain; Secondly, the network structure is changed. For example, IOTA and byteball use DAG (directed acyclic-graph) data structure different from the block chain, which changes the forward dependency relationship of the block chain and produces many security vulnerabilities. The third is to directly use off-chain solutions, such as sub-chain/side chain under the chain, state channel, even cross-chain middleware, etc., but these Layer2 processing methods will eventually return to a serial blockchain, just like the cars on several auxiliary roads merge into the main road, which still cannot avoid congestion.
Blockchain is like a “lonely island”.
In these years , blockchain develop fast , a lot of projects and chain block chain applications, but each strand is independent, vertical, closed system, has a natural barrier between different block chain, like a “lonely island”, the value of not free circulation quickly, ecological cannot docking, system can’t growth, chain block is a state of loose sand. For this, such as the recent emergence of cosmos, polkadot, are based on the project to solve the problem of cross chain, due to the data structure design is a heterogeneous network environment, through the IBC protocol interaction chain chain, chain tectonic environment and repeater mechanisms across chain collaborative difference, there is due to the low efficiency resulted from the asynchronous nature of risk, and hash lock does not support multi-currency intelligent contract, so they can’t from essentially solve the problem of cross chain connected.
Centralization or decentralization?
Blockchain is a continuously updated distributed database, or distributed Shared ledger, which is participated and maintained by multiple parties. The equal participation of multiple nodes make the blockchain decentralized. However, in order to improve the transaction speed, the Dpos consensus adopted by EOS sacrifices the decentralization, which is the most basic characteristic of the long-term expansion of blockchain, the guarantee of security and non-tampering characteristics, and the storage of consensus and value. Blockchain which cannot achieve decentralization can only solve the short-term problems, but cannot really carry out long-term value development.
Why is parallel ?
As we can see, the multiple extensibility of blockchain is actually subject to its serial structure itself, and blocks must be processed one by one. This is like driving in a single lane, subject to road congestion, once vehicles numbers becomes more and more, no matter how fast, will eventually produce congestion. Parallel is the solution to scalability: whether it is the shift from intercom to CDMA in telecommunications, or from single-core CPU to multi-core CPU in computers, parallelism is the inevitable choice.
In parallel blockchain system, sharding is no longer a difficult problem
In parallel structure, each subchain can dynamically increase or decrease the quantity according to the capacity demand without affecting the data consistency. Specifically, the user can trigger condition, custom divided on the chain when condition is reached, the chain resources can be convenient in child chain load overload trigger mechanism to carry out under the condition of sub chain fragmentation and curl, the increase in transactions, necessary under the condition of parallel block, performance guarantee chain layer, the underlying transaction processing speed is not affected by the transaction volume.
Parallel blockchain has the extensibility at the operating system
In addition to the above application of dynamic sharding to meet the performance requirements for a single sub-chain, the whole parallel blockchain system can be infinitely expanded through multiple chains and the exercise of blockchain system resources. At the same time, non-antagonistic bookkeeping method is adopted to avoid vicious node competition and computing power waste, and there is no privileged node, so as to achieve complete decentralization, ensure the fairness of the system, and also ensure the effect of unlimited resource aggregation, so that the system has a permanent expansion.
Potential of blockchain released by parallel chain
In the parallel blockchain system, the natural cross-chain can be realized, so that the chain and the chain can achieve interoperability, interaction, the original “LAN” as the general isolation of the blockchain into a large network can be infinitely expanded. The most intuitive performance is the transformation of equity or asset value on the two chains, which no longer needs centralized exchange to complete. Cross-chain information interaction is the transmission of information, which can transfer information from one chain to another without changing the original chain structure.
In the future, when the development of blockchain is no longer dominated by digital currency investment, but mainly based on landing scenarios, the advantages of the natural cross-chain technology characteristics of parallel chain will be highlighted. It can not only realize the free circulation of assets between different chains, but also can release the potential of different chains infinitely, so that more users can participate in and chains can be connected, finally form a real big ecology.
Only in this way can the parallel blockchain system with infinite expansibility and cross-chain interconnection have the qualification to become the underlying operating system of the blockchain and become the prototype of the next generation value Internet.
Who can represent parallel chains?
The concept of main side chain obfuscations
Now parallel chain project, often use the main chain, side chain, parent chain, sub chain and other terms to replace the parallel chain. In fact, they are very different from parallel chain. The definition of side chain and main chain, to some extent, shows that the status of the main chain is unique, which can not guarantee the equality and consistency of multi-chain features.
Secondly, most of the main chain + side chain structure, basically in the performance of the side chain to take the main chain, and claimed that they are the side of the main chain store, and whether the main chain transaction accounting is consistent, there is no way to verify. It is more like the fork of a flower with two branches instead of running in parallel, they are running in parallel blockchain in a space-time dimension.
Only one consensus algorithm for parallel blockchain systems
As can be seen from the above examples of pseudo-parallel chain, truly construct a parallel blockchain system, the communication problem between each chain must be solved first, and the parallel consistency between the chains must be achieved, so as to ensure that each chain runs independently and constitutes an interconnected parallel blockchain system.
There is a project known as Paralism that has produced a successful algorithm for parallel systems. Paralism improves the block chain from linear serial dimension to parallel system, which has the above mentioned dynamic sharding function, infinite expansibility and cross-chain interconnection. Importantly, it has invented the world’s only existing consensus algorithm that is suitable for parallel block chain system and fully decentralized, and has been authorized.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPy07NIJBMU
According to the official website, the project started in 2016. Starting from the original architecture of blockchain, it believes that an important direction for the development of blockchain is high-performance public chain. Only on the basis of the solid, steady and efficient operation of the underlying public chain, can the development and implementation of blockchain business applications be realized. The value of blockchain can be exported.
In December 2018 , the parallel blockchain basic technology submitted by the underlying technology team of Paralism superblock chain won the national authorization, and such block chain patent endorsement at the national level is rare in the parallel chain circle. On the technical side, what did the team achieve? At the chain plus summit in South Korea, Paralism kept releasing fierce materials to ignite the summit with the core technology points of parallel chain and multi-chain environment, dynamic fragmentation, infinite expansion and chain interaction, etc. It is also the scale breakthrough brought by this technical feature that makes the industrial implementation practical and feasible.
For parallel blockchain, the most important thing is to solve the problem of communication and data consistency between the chains, which is also the core problem of many parallel blockchains with main chain + side chain structure. Superblock chain has independently developed Buddy consensus algorithm, which is different from the right of Dpos and is not related to the resource waste of Pow. It is the only consensus algorithm suitable for multi-chain environment. The concrete consensus logic is from the local consensus among the chains to the global consensus process formed by the Hyper Chain.
In this process, the nodes in the chain are fully peers, and a custom consensus of self-development requirements is embedded. It may sound like boring to you, but the experience of technology landing scene may be more intuitive. For now, they have the hard core capability to support the large-scale implementation and operation of the industry. The underlying technology of parallel blockchain really work , and the digital economy platform Paralism (www.paralism.com) supported by parallel blockchain.
One chain for the one asset, one chain for one application, parallel chain infinite extension can be done : It will be so easy to release digital assets like bitcoin and various stable coins. In addition, parallel chain provides self-development tools for everyone and customized consensus for the needs of the blockchain industry. The diversity and independence of parallel chain enable the assets and interests of the world to transmit on the chain.
"No matter performance or in terms of user scale, the entry is being made as a provider of value links and tool infrastructure, and only the Paralism team has done that. And it happens to coincide with the trillion dollar market value increment of blockchain, the whole industry's chain demand, and the goal of value interconnection. It is to be expected that Paralism will soon lead to a new round of industrial explosion.
As the famous investor Marc Lowell Andreessen said , "in 20 years, we'll talk about blockchain like we're talking about the Internet today." And Paralism supported by the parallel blockchain is bound to become the most value position of blockchain.
Website: http://www.paralism.com/
Technical White Paper : http://www.hyperchain.net/blog/archives/940
Commercial White Paper: http://www.hyperchain.net/paralism/?page_id=313
Paralism Github: https://github.com/paralism
Twitter : https://twitter.com/ParaPlatform
Medium: https://medium.com/me/stories/public
Telegram: https://t.me/Paralism_Community
