That was a joy to read, but I do have some corrections and some points:

Corrections:

1. The picture you include that has “Yuuki Mishima” isn’t actually in the English version of the game. That’s from a fan-typeset screenshot from a (Taiwanese, I think?) Tumblr user who was translating things leading up to the Japanese release.
2. The font used by the Japanese release actually isn’t bold – it’s either medium or semi-bold in weight. That’s actually one of the problems with the text in the English release: it is bold, and that’s way too heavy in most cases.

Points:

1. I can’t say this for certain since I haven’t found it yet, but I’m almost certain that while the font used for the body text in the English release might actually be a Japanese font using English characters, it absolutely is not the one used in the Japanese version. You see its English characters plenty throughout the game, and they look nothing like the ones in the English release. Why they would do this, I have no clue. The official site uses a font pretty close to the one in-game (Wigwag), but it’s clearly not the same one.
2. The quotation mark issue is something Atlus USA has struggled with for over a decade. You see it even in things like the 3DS Etrian Odyssey, which change the Japanese font for one made for English first and that definitely supports both quote types. I’m still learning programming, so I definitely can’t speak authoritatively on this, but I wouldn’t be surprised if it’s some issue with their text editing or insertion tools.