The 1993 paper that started using the term writes clearly: The information transfer, limited by the speed of light, is necessary before the property of the “replica” can be meaningfully observed, and there’s nothing remarkable going on in the “teleportation” except that there’s a separation of the information during that transfer:
“We call the process we are about to describe "teleportation," a term from science fiction meaning to make a person or object disappear while an exact replica appears somewhere else. It must be emphasized that our teleportation, unlike some science fiction versions, defies no physical laws. In particular it cannot take place instantaneously or over a space-like interval, because it requires, among other things, sending a classical message from Alice to Bob. The net result of teleportation is completely prosaic: the removal of |ϕ> from Alice's hands and its appearance in Bob's hands a suitable time later. The only remarkable feature is that in the interim, the information in |ϕ> has been cleanly separated into classical and nonclassical parts.”
“A trivial way for Alice to provide Bob with all the information in |ϕ> would be
to send the particle itself.” It would be limited by the speed of light too. Instead, the “teleportation” is just a sexy name for sending the complete information about a single particle by sending two separated parts of information, but the speed of the transfer of each part is still limited by the speed of light.
And, as Ethan wrote in 2016, in “Ask Ethan: Can We Use Quantum Entanglement To Communicate Faster-Than-Light?”
“If you force an entangled particle into a particular state, you break the entanglement, and the measurement you make on Earth is completely independent of the measurement at the distant star. If you had simply measured the distant particle to be +1 or -1, then your measurement, here on Earth, of either -1 or +1 (respectively) would give you information about the particle located light years away. But by forcing that distant particle to be +1 or -1, that means, no matter the outcome, your particle here on Earth has a 50/50 shot of being +1 or -1, with no bearing on the particle so many light years distant.”
