Main Types of Employment in India

Introduction:Employment in developing countries like India is quite different. The main cause of unemployment and underemployment prevailing in developing countries such as India is the deficiency of the stock of physical capital with which to employ the growing labour force. Due to the lack of physical capital, it has not been possible to absorb the growing labour force in productive employment.

The result has been the emergence of long-term-or chronic unemployment. Apart from the relatively low rate of capital formation as compared to the growth in the labour force, the use of capital-intensive techniques in the industries mostly imported from the Western developed countries is another important factor causing unemployment in developing countries like India.

Besides, in agriculture, despite the existence of surplus labour reckless mechanization of various agricultural operations has reduced the employment opportunities. Another important reason for rural unemployment prevailing in the developing countries like India is an extremely unequal distribution of land so that many agricultural households have no adequate access to land for production and self-employment in agriculture.

Lack of support before-mentioned as plans, strength, telecommunications, roadways, Irrigation plants in farming is also responsible for the reality of huge unemployment in India. Inadequate availability of infrastructure is a big impediment for the generation of possibilities for rich hiring.

Main employment types

The five main employment types are:

1. Permanent or fixed-term employees

2. Casual employees

3. Apprentices or trainees — employees

4. Employment agency staff — also called labour-hire

5. Contractors and sub-contractors — hired staff

Employment options

The key options listed below will help you decide on your employment choice.

Hiring people as employees mean them:

· receive payment as wages or salary

· have their tax taken out by their employer

· are based at your business, work at your place or are mobile

· can be full-time, part-time, assistants, trainees or casual, and can be delivered when what and how to do a job.

A contractor or independent contractor usually:

· doesn’t receive wages, but invoices for their work

· runs their businesses with an Australian Business Number (ABN)

· has its insurance

· Does a set task, such as designing a computer system — and once the task is done — the engagement ends

· can work for more than one customer

· can subcontract their work to others

· provides its equipment or works from its base.

Hiring staff within an agency suggests that:

· The employment company employs the worker, and you spend the company for the application of the worker for granted times or a set duration

· You can hire people at small notice with special abilities, or for small or long-term schemes

· Workers are normally short-term — so people may not receive a dedication to your company and take their information with them

· The company gives the worker’s earnings and other entitlements

· The company will charge you a percentage, company or finder’s price — calculating an extra value.

Permanent (full-time or part-time) employees

· A full-time employee can work a standard day — for example, Monday to Friday from 9 am to 5 pm.

· A part-time worker works common set times but less than a full-time week — for example, Wednesday to Friday 11 am to 1 pm.

· Some awards require an employer to roster a part-time employee for a minimum of three consecutive hours on any shift.

Casual employees

Casual workers can be used for short random periods of work, but can also work in long-term agreements. Some grants also want casuals to be paid for a minimum of three or four hours’ work — depending on the prize.

Casual employees:

· can be asked to work at the small warning, with no guarantee of normal times

· are not authorized to anniversary or individual/carer’s permission

· can be eliminated without notice — unless they’re satisfied by an agreement or arrangement that defines otherwise

· are good for irregular and short-term work requirements

· offer a flexible arrangement for the company and worker.

Casual workers are paid an extraordinary 20–25 percent — or more depending on the agreement or award — above the base rate of pay to compensate them for not receiving the above entitlements.

Find out more about employing informal workers.

Apprentices and trainee employees

Australian Apprenticeships (also known as trainee ships) are a training contract between an employer and an employee.

The employer provides training and the apprentice learns the occupation or trade. At the end of the training, the apprentice gains a nationally recognized qualification.

Apprentices may be employed on a full or part-time basis, can be of any age, and may already qualify. Training can be on-the-job, or a combination of on and off-the-job programs.

An apprentice wage varies depending on qualification, type of training, and industry and is generally entitled to the same superannuation, workers’ compensation or other requirements as that of an employee.

Businesses that employ apprentices may be eligible for financial assistance.

Group training

Group training organizations employ Australian apprentices and place them with employers while they’re being trained.

Group training is an excellent opportunity for employment:

· can’t offer an Australian learner a permanent situation because they’re incapable to support continuous performance

· Strength no produces the scope of work available to ensure an Australian apprentice gains all the necessary job skills for that industry.

· don’t have the time to undertake all employment and training functions.