Incidence and etiology of acute kidney injury in children admitted to PICU using pRIFLE criteria

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) has become a major global health care challenge with an estimated 13.3 million cases per year leading to an estimated mortality of 1.7 million deaths per year globally. Increasing prevalence of AKI is strongly associated with increased early and long term patient morbidity and mortality. According to recent meta-analysis conducted by Paweena et al the pooled incidence rate of AKI was 33.7% (95% CI, 26.9 to 41.3) and AKI-associated mortality rates was 13.8% in children (95% CI, 8.8 to 21.0) .

“0 by25” is an ambitious initiative of International Society of Nephrology which aims to eliminate preventable deaths from Acute Kidney Injury worldwide by 2025. This initiative emphasizes the magnitude of the problem, the global concern about AKI and its endeavour to eliminate mortality and morbidity due to AKI.

Acute kidney injury previously called acute renal failure is characterized by a reversible increase in the blood concentration of creatinine and nitrogenous waste products and by the inability of the kidney to appropriately regulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis . If left untreated, the condition has a high risk of multiple organ failure and potentially death.Patients who suffer from AKI may have subsequent renal dysfunction after original injury. Children are more susceptible for this dysfunction