Known knowns, known unknowns, unknown unknowns & Leadership

“…there are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns — the ones we don’t know we don’t know.”

– Donald Rumsfeld

Former U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld said these words at a press confeence in 2002 in response to a question about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. While he did not invent this concept, it became his most famous line. The title of his…