Red hair is a distinctive feature that is often associated with Scotland and Ireland. The prevalence of red hair is highest in these regions, with an estimated 10-15% of the population having red hair. The genetics behind red hair have been a subject of interest and study for many years. In this article, we will explore the genetics of red hair and why it is such a unique trait.
The Genetics of Red Hair
The genetics of red hair are complex and involve multiple genes. The MC1R gene, which encodes for a protein called melanocortin 1 receptor, is the most well-known gene associated with red hair. This gene is located on chromosome 16 and plays a role in the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for hair, skin, and eye color.
Melanin comes in two types: eumelanin, which is responsible for brown and black hair, and pheomelanin, which is responsible for red and blonde hair. The MC1R gene determines which type of melanin is produced. If the MC1R gene is active, eumelanin is produced. However, if the gene is inactive, pheomelanin is produced instead, resulting in red hair.
In addition to the MC1R gene, other genes are also involved in the production of red hair. These include the ASIP gene, which can influence the color of pheomelanin, and the TYRP1 gene, which plays a role in the synthesis of melanin.
