Of all the issues debated in the 2020 Presidential Race, climate change is of an entirely different class. Most scientists agree climate change is an existential threat with a non-negotiable deadline that is approaching in a matter of years. But what makes it unique is it shares it’s urgency with nearly all the other issues on the table.

Climate change promises more refugees, more famine, and less resources to go around. …

As a country we are so devoted to promising opportunities over outcomes that we would rather give a person the opportunity to choose not to kill someone with a gun than guarantee everyone the outcome of not being shot. Our allergy to equal outcomes has denied the average American better health care, higher education, and, as we’ve seen in these mass shootings, even their lives. It is time we reckon with the darker side of being the land of opportunities.

In America, we are taught that the market is our primary giver. Republicans, along with most Democrats, are adamant about…

My grandfather was staring deeply into the television screen in the dimly lit living room. After his cataract had over matured, he swapped the newspaper he peeled through every morning for a news channel with as much depth as the flat screen it was served on. The biggest punishment for putting off the surgery was turning out not to be the loss of sight in one eye, but the 24 hour news cycle — a different sort of blindness.

The television buzzed about the stampede that killed nearly forty people in the “Mumbai Local” train station. My grandfather shook his…

You can’t officially do it, but you can write a function that does virtually the same thing. Let’s see how and maybe why you should.

But first, have you ever found yourself in this situation?

When we model anything, we simplify it. Even if we want to represent something as basic as a drop of water, we do not paint each atom in the drop.

Finding the answer took me step by step to implementing transducers in JavaScript. Id like to take you on this journey so that you too can utilize this powerful abstraction. So, shall we trance?

The problem

This:

[1, 2, 3].map(x => x + 1).filter(x => x > 3)

And This:

[1, 2, 3].reduce((a, x) => { 
     let y = x + 1;  
     return y > 3 ? a.concat(y) : a}, [])

do the same thing. They both add 1 to each number in a list and then keep only the numbers that are greater than 3.

But deciding which one to use…

So you probably know that functions are objects in javascript (if not go up the prototype chain of a function to find out). But recently, I noticed that javascript objects can be treated like functions. Which leads to some pretty cool implications!

Functions

According to wikipedia:

A function is originally the idealization of how a varying quantity depends on another quantity. For example, the position of a planet is a function of the time.

Given an input (time) you can determine an output (position of the planet). Let’s look at a simple function:

const square = (x) => x ** 2;

…

If the history of our planet was scaled to 24 hours, the entire existence of our species would be less than 2 minutes, and the existence of Redux would probably be a fraction of a millisecond.

And yet…it’s still old enough to have legacy code written in it.

Have you ever faced a giant reducer that you wanted to break into smaller chunks?

Ideally you would use combineReducers to build your reducer from other reducers that handle the subtrees of the state. …