Analog and Digital Systems
Introduction to Analog System
Nowadays most of the people are familiar with electrical circuits where voltages and currents are measured with some analog meters. Such systems which deals with voltage and current comes in world of Analog system. Analog system is a system which deals with analog type of data for e.g. Analog signal. Analog system processes analog signals within a range. Example of analog system is an audio Amplifier. It gives an output voltage whose value will be within range of its power supply.
Nowadays world is going forward more digitally but we can’t forget that all signals in the real world are analog. No matter how much you process digitally, the final transmission or reception has to be analog.
Advantages of Analog system
1. Using one single wire, we could transmit any number at one shot. So Information is transmitted at the fastest rate.
2. Since we send only two levels in case of voltage, even if there is a slight voltage change in the transmission medium, the number sent by the transmitter will be received by the receiver properly.
3. It’s ability to handle real world analog signals is more efficient.
4. Whenever dealing with large dynamic range analog systems shines better.
Disadvantages of Analog systems
1. Upgrading to digital interface is not possible in analog system
2. It needs high cost of signal conversion inside the display
3. The biggest disadvantage of Analog system is distortion due to noise.
4. The transmission rate is slow as compared with digital system.
Introduction to Digital System
A digital system is a system whose signal has a finite number of discrete values. Analog systems have values from a continuous set, and mixed-signal systems have both digital and analog parts. Signals are generally represented in two ways. H. Digital and analog systems. Digital signals are limited to only a few possible values, commonly represented by binary logic 0 (0 to 0.8 volts) and logic 1 (2.0 to 5.0 volts). Analog signals change continuously. Digital circuits are built from transistors and other components to create logic gates. Logic gates can be combined to create logic circuits such as adders, multiplexers, counters, and decoders to solve problems such as adding numbers or decoding inputs into meaningful outputs.
A digital circuit is the backbone of a computer (digital system). They are used for a variety of purposes, from simple logic gates to complex microprocessors that execute instructions in computers.
What are digital Logic circuits?
Digital logic circuits are the foundation of digital systems. These logic circuits are a collection of logic gates that represent the logical equivalence between two different groups of binary numbers. These digital logic circuits use 0 and 1 for on/off conditions, where 0 represents on conditions and 1 represents off conditions. Digital logic circuit is a digital device that uses logic gates, ALU, microprocessor, RAM, ROM to control other circuits. It is a specific form of logic circuit that handles the numeric values 0 and 1.
Types of Digital Logic Circuits:-
1.Synchronous Systems:-
A synchronous system is a dynamic system in which the state of each component of the system at a given time determines the state at all subsequent times. A synchronous system is one in which events and processes occur on a regular and repetitive basis. The synchronization system includes a clock. The timing of events in synchronous systems depends on the signal clock.
2. Asynchronous Systems:-
Asynchronous systems send messages and perform operations in parallel without waiting for a response. This means that different processes can coexist; that is, multiple functions can run concurrently. Asynchronous means not happening or not possible at the same time.
3. Combinational Logic circuits:-
Combinational logic is a form of digital logic in which an input pattern is applied to a circuit and the output pattern depends only on that input pattern. Logic gates are undoubtedly one of the most basic and essential building blocks of a digital circuit. They are commonly used to perform operations on binary signals. A logic circuit is an electronic or computer circuit designed to implement Boolean functions. These circuits are circuits that perform their operations only on input signals.
4.Sequential Circuits:-
The sequencer circuit is a type of balanced equivalent circuit used for balanced electrical systems. Future operating conditions are determined such that there can be only one sequence component in voltage and current. These circuits are used to calculate unbalance problems occurring at different parts or points of the circuits of the power system.
Advantages of Digital system over Analog
1. Affordable and easy to design
2. It is very suitable for numerical and non-numerical information processing.
3. It has high noise resistance.
4. The complex analog circuits and digital integrated circuits created with the advent of microelectronics technology can be easily replicated.
5. Accuracy can be adjusted and easily controlled by computer.
Disadvantages of Digital system
1.Higher bandwidth is required for digital communication than analog transmission of the same information.
2.DSPs process signals at high speed and include more modern internal hardware resources. This results in higher power consumption compared to analog signal processing, including passive components that consume less power.
3.Digital systems and processing in general are more complex.
Applications
A. Analog System
1. Analogue signals are used in sound recording and reproduction.
2. Analog signals are used in the temperature sensor.
3. It is also used in image sensors.
4. Analog signals are used in radio signals.
5. It is used in telephones and control systems.
B. Digital System:-
1. Digital signals are used in communication systems (broadband, cellular).
2. Digital signals are used in networking and data communication.
3. It is also used in digital interfaces for programming.
This blog was an collective effort of my team. We hope you liked the blog!!
Co-Authors: Arpit Mahalle, Sarthak Auti, Anurag Bhujbal