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Neuroprostheses alter neural activity to read and write information to the brain. Exciting businesses developing products to bring this modality to patients and consumers are Paradromics, Kernel, and Neuralink. There are other interesting companies working toward non-invasive methods such as Openwater, Neurable, BrainCo, and CTRL-Labs. With companies from Facebook to Medtronic, Cortera, Iota Biosciences, NeuroPace, and Boston Scientific working on the problem. With the top labs: Maharbiz Lab, Carmena Lab, Nicolelis Lab, Schwartz Lab, Stanford Neural Prosthetics Translational Laboratory, BrainGate, de Sa Lab, and the Andersen Lab. The two major levers for all these companies to build effective and safe devices are data rate and invasiveness. Ideally, a neuroprosthetic would have a high-bandwidth while being non-invasive and untethered. Older technology was often implanted but had low bandwidth. Non-invasive tools are interesting but scaling up their bandwidth is pretty difficult. So currently, there is a new crop of invasive devices claiming to have high data rates but they are currently very secretive about their results. As a result, bandwidth and modality type combinations can being designed to have certain advantages for particular use cases and indications. This gets to the important point for…
