This post discusses the deficiencies of representing each topic in topic modeling and different approaches to resolve them. Table of contents: Introduction Mei et al. 2007 Magatti et al. 2009 Lau et al. 2010 Lau et al. 2011 Mao et al. 2012 Hulpus et al. 2013 Aletras and Stevenson 2013 …