Journal Article Introduction

First of all, the key components of a journal article introduction include:

1. Hook: A strong opening sentence that clearly conveys the relevance of your topic and captures the reader’s attention.
2. Background information: Relevant background information to help the reader understand the context and significance of your topic.
3. Specific research problem: Details of your research problem and problem statement, which should be clearly defined and relevant to the topic.
4. Thesis statement or research question: A thesis statement or research question that encapsulates the main argument or focus of your article.
5. Overview of the paper: A brief overview of the structure and content of your article, including the main sections and the arguments you will be making.

The introduction should be clear, concise, and engaging, and should guide the reader into the research topic and situate the research ideas within the broader context of the field.

Generally, here are the steps to writing a proper introduction for a journal article:

1. Identify the purpose of the article: Determine the main objective of your article, whether it is to inform, persuade, or entertain.
2. Define the scope of the article: Clearly state the scope of the article, including the specific topic, issue, or problem that will be addressing. This will help to establish the context and focus of the article.
3. State the main argument or hypotheses: Clearly state the main argument or hypotheses, which should be a concise and clear statement of the main point that will be making in the article. This will help to guide the reader and provide a roadmap for the rest of the article.
4. Provide background information: Provide relevant background information to help the reader understand the context and significance of the topic. This may include discussing previous research, theories, or debates related to the topic.
5. State the significance of the research: Clearly explain why the research is important and how it contributes to the existing knowledge on the topic. This will help to establish the value of the article and demonstrate its relevance to the field.
6. Outline the structure of the article: Provide a brief overview of the main sections or sections of the article, highlighting the key points and arguments that will be making in each section. This will help to guide the reader and provide a clear structure for the article.
7. Engage the reader: Use an engaging and persuasive tone to capture the reader’s attention and encourage them to continue reading. This may include using anecdotes, examples, or storytelling to illustrate the points and make the argument more compelling.
8. Revise and edit: Once we have written our introduction, review it carefully to ensure that it is clear, concise, and engaging. Make any necessary revisions and edits to improve the flow and readability of the text.

Furthermore, this is an example of a journal article introduction that I have made.

As we age, human skin can undergo structural, functional and metabolic changes. This process is called aging. Aging is a natural process experienced by human skin, however, ideal aging is aging that is lived well and happily or known as Succesfully Aging Elderly (SAE) where SAE is an aging process that occurs without or with minimal disease. (Damayanti, 2017). Basically, skin aging consists of two types, namely chronological aging and photo aging. Chronological aging is the aging process that occurs with age, also known as intrinsic aging. This aging process is characterized by the reduction of oil glands in the skin, the appearance of dark spots and wrinkles, and the appearance of skin that appears drier. (Chandra, 2020a).

In intrinsic skin aging, the processes that occur are influenced by several factors such as imbalances in the production of free radicals, especially Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), decreased effectiveness of the free radical scavenging system, and body homeostasis. (Jenkins, 2002). One of the unavoidable aging processes experienced by humans is periorbital aging where the signs of periorbital aging will be very apparent in the eyes. Research shows that although it is not physically harmful, the aging process has psychosocial and functional impacts on the patient. (Chandra, 2020b). Based on this, along with the development of cosmetology in society, simple cosmetic products with formulations that can prevent and overcome periorbital aging have begun to be developed.

One of the efforts to develop cosmetic products that can prevent aging is by utilizing antioxidant compounds where compounds with antioxidant activity can act as antidotes to free radicals that cause skin tissue damage and trigger aging. Antioxidant compounds can prevent, delay and inhibit the oxidation of lipids or other molecules through the mechanism of inhibiting the initiation or propagation of oxidative chain reactions. (Javanmardi et al., 2003). One of the natural materials reported to have antioxidant activity is propolis. Propolis is a mixture of resins produced by bees from foods such as tree bark that they consume. In Indonesia, propolis is empirically believed to have many properties and its use as a traditional medicine is relatively safe.

The antioxidant activity of propolis is derived from polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids as its main constituents. (Daleprane and Abdalla, 2013).. This makes propolis potential to be developed in the form of cosmetic preparations with antioxidant and antiaging properties. Despite its usefulness as an antioxidant, propolis is reported to have low bioavailability due to the aglycone component of flavonoid compounds contained in propolis. In addition, the antioxidant compounds in propoli are also easily oxidized. The limitations of propolis can be overcome by modifying the Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). The oil content in SNEDDS is able to dissolve active substances that are lipophilic and the nano-size range of SNEDDS can increase the affinity of the system so as to increase the stability of antioxidant compounds contained in propolis to avoid environmental degradation, one of which is the oxidation process. (Abdassah, 2017).

SNEDDS is a development of nanoemulsion systems where nanoemulsions are emulsions that are proven to be more thermodynamically stable than macroemulsions and microemulsions. The main characteristic of nanoemulsions is the very small particle size (5–200 nm) that prevents physical instabilities such as sedimentation and creaming. To increase the acceptability of using propolis SNEDDS as a topical preparation, this study formulated an eye serum containing propolis SNEDDS which is expected to have antioxidant activity as antiaging, especially in dealing with periorbital aging problems. Serum is one of the cosmetic dosage forms that is in great demand by consumers because of its low viscosity and is generally gel-based, providing comfort for users. In addition, the concentration of active ingredients in serum is higher than other cosmetic preparations such as cream or lotion. This makes serums have good penetration power on the skin so that they can quickly and effectively treat skin problems.