In 1997, academic Jennifer Freyd proposed the term DARVO (Deny the behavior, Attack the individual doing the confronting, and Reverse the roles of Victim and Offender) as an encapsulation of this dynamic of evasion and reversal, which, Freyd notes, is a particularly effective defensive strategy for perpetrators and abusers.
Toxic shaming is not only damaging to personal identity but also functions as a type of gaslighting to get suppliers to second-guess their negative evaluations of the narcissist. This is how toxic shaming gets suppliers to question their sense of reality and depend upon the narc…
…t needs continuous positive attention from others, but also cannot let anyone get too close to them because doing so would threaten their ego attachment and sense of independence from others. This is why narcissists strategically provide and withdraw attention from their suppliers in order …