DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
1. Hydraulic System :
A Hydraulic is a device that uses high-pressure hydraulic oil to do work after being controlled by some mechanical parts, and its purpose is to control the movement of the load. In many high-pressure and large-capacity machinery, hydraulic pressure is usually the only choice, which is a must for those who learn hydraulics.
The most basic theory of the hydraulic system is the Pascal principle. In a closed container, the fluid pressure is equal at each point, and the direction is perpendicular to the surface. Using this principle, a small force at A can push a heavy object at B.
2. Components of hydraulic system :
The major components that make up a hydraulic system are the reservoir, pump, valve(s) and actuator(s) (motor, cylinder, etc.).
1. Reservoir : The purpose of the hydraulic reservoir is to hold a volume of fluid, transfer heat from the system, allow solid contaminants to settle and facilitate the release of air and moisture from the fluid.
2. Pump : Hydraulic pumps convert electrical energy into fluid pressure by using an electric motor to drive the pump. They are necessary for all hydraulic drives. The fluid pressure is then delivered by hydraulic fluid to cylinders and actuators and hydraulic motors at the required pressure level and volume.
3. Valves : Hydraulic valves are used in a system to start, stop and direct fluid flow. Hydraulic valves are made up of poppets or spools and can be actuated by means of pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, manual or mechanical means.
4. Actuators : Hydraulic actuators are the end result of Pascal’s law. This is where the hydraulic energy is converted back to mechanical energy. This can be done through use of a hydraulic cylinder which converts hydraulic energy into linear motion and work, or a hydraulic motor which converts hydraulic energy into rotary motion and work. As with hydraulic pumps, hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors have several different subtypes, each intended for specific design applications.
3. Working of Hydraulic System :
The working of a hydraulic system involves the following steps:
1. Reservoir: The hydraulic fluid is stored in a reservoir, which provides a space for air to escape as the fluid is pumped through the system.
2. Pump: The pump draws hydraulic fluid from the reservoir and creates a flow of fluid. It is responsible for moving the hydraulic fluid through the system.
3. Control valves: Control valves are used to direct the flow of hydraulic fluid to the actuators. They are typically solenoid valves that are controlled by an electrical signal from a programmable logic controller (PLC) or other control system.
4. Actuators: Actuators are the components that convert the hydraulic fluid energy into mechanical energy to perform work. The most common types of actuators are cylinders and hydraulic motors.
5. Hydraulic fluid: Hydraulic fluid is a specially designed fluid that is used to transmit power in hydraulic systems. It is designed to resist compression, lubricate moving parts, and dissipate heat.
In order to generate motion in the system using hydraulic cylinders and motors, a hydraulic system depends on the accurate control of hydraulic fluid through control valves. The hydraulic fluid is important for power transmission and for the system’s overall stability.efficiency, simple design and low cost, making it an ideal choice for many industrial hydraulic applications.
4. Conclusion :
In conclusion, hydraulic systems are a major and commonly employed technology for transferring power and motion in a number of industrial and manufacturing applications. With the use of a pump and control valves, they use hydraulic fluid to generate precise and controlled motion through hydraulic cylinders and motors. High power density, effective long-distance power transmission, and good control of force and speed are all properties of hydraulic systems. For large machinery and equipment that needs a lot of force and motion, they are a dependable and adaptable alternative. Hydraulic systems are a fundamental part of many sectors and continue to play a significant role in driving the global economy thanks to their ability to convey power and motion effectively.