What Are The Different Types Of Head And Neck Cancer

According to the National Cancer Institute, around 4% of all cancers in the US are head and neck cancers, including mouth cancers. A cancer of the mouth, throat, nose, salivary glands, oral cavity, or other parts of the head and neck is referred to as head and neck cancer. Squamous cell carcinomas, or tumours that start in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat, make up the majority of these cancers. Fortunately, over the past 20 years, both the incidence and fatality rate of head and neck cancer have decreased.

Besides HPV infection, and alcohol and tobacco use, risk factors for head and neck cancer may also include:

● Sun exposure

● Radiation therapy, particularly to the head and neck region

● Poor nutrition and vitamin deficiencies

● Vaping

● Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

● Fanconi anemia or dyskeratosis congenita

Squamous cell carcinomas, which develop in the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and throat, account for the majority of head and neck cancers. These squamous cell tumours can migrate to the lymph nodes and lungs, among other body parts.

Head and neck cancers can occur in the following forms:

● Laryngeal cancer is a form of throat cancer that affects the larynx

● Nasopharyngeal cancer occurs in the nasopharynx, the upper section of the throat behind the nose.

● Hypopharyngeal cancer occurs in the hypopharynx, the bottom region of the throat (sometimes called the gullet)

● Cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses that develops behind the nose

● Salivary gland cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that occurs in the saliva-producing glands around the jawbone.

● Oral cancers, which start in the mouth

● Oropharyngeal cancer is a type of cancer that appears in the area of the throat behind the mouth called the oropharynx.

● Tonsil cancer

How head-and-neck cancer is diagnosed?

Today, there are many advanced head and neck cancer diagnosis methods available including:

● X-ray

● Barium swallow, also called an upper GI series

● CT scan

● MRI

● PET/CT scan

● Indirect pharyngoscopy and laryngoscopy

● Endoscopy

● Panendoscopy

● Biopsy, either incisional biopsy or fine-needle aspiration (FNA)

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