Python : 開啟瀏覽器及瀏覽網頁

webbrowser模組（簡單）

開啟網頁於預設瀏覽器

import webbrowser
url = "http://google.com" # 注意:"http://"不可省略
webbrowser.open(url)
webbrowser.open_new(url)
webbrowser.open_new_tab(url)

Display url using the browser handled by this controller. If new is 1, a new browser window is opened if possible. If new is 2, a new browser page (“tab”) is opened if possible.

開啟網頁於瀏覽器開啟

使用 webbrowser.get 取得不同瀏覽器的controller，如’mozilla’、’firefox’、’macos’(表示macos default)、’windows-default’、’safari’、’google-chrome’與’chrome’等，其他可參考[1]。

import webbrowser
url = "http://google.com" # 注意:"http://"不可省略
f_ctrler = webbrowser.get("firefox") # 取得firefox controller
f_ctrler.open(url)

動態取得目前有哪些controller可使用。

print(webbrowser._tryorder)
['MacOSX', 'chrome', 'firefox', 'safari']

其他方法（複雜）

法一

from threading import Timer
from time import sleep

import subprocess
import platform

# Hint 1: to enable F11 use --start-fullscreen instead of --kiosk, otherwise Alt+F4 to close the browser   
# Hint 2: fullscreen will only work if chrome is not already running

platform_browser = {
'Windows': r'"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --kiosk http://stackoverflow.com',
'Linux' : ['/usr/bin/chromium-browser', '--kiosk', 'http://stackoverflow.com']
}

browser = None
def open_browser():
    global browser

    platform_name = platform.system()

    if platform_name in  platform_browser:        
        browser = subprocess.Popen(platform_browser[platform_name])
    else:
        print(":-(")

Timer(1, open_browser).start() # delayed start, give e.g. your own web server time to launch

sleep(20) # start e.g. your python web server here instead

browser.kill()

法二

#!/usr/bin/env python3  
import webbrowser  
a_website = "https://www.google.com"  
# Linux 
# chrome_cmd = "/usr/bin/google-chrome %s"  
# Windows 
# chrome_cmd = "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe %s"  
# Mac chrome_cmd = "open -a /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app %s"  
webbrowser.get(chrome_cmd).open_new_tab(a_website)

Reference

1. 20.1. webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller
2. How can I open a website in my web browser using Python?
3. Open Web Browser Window or New Tab With Python