How to Start a Veterinary Practice

17 min readJul 20, 2024

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The How to Start a… series serves as a quick start guide for initial research on starting businesses in various industries. It covers costs, opportunities, considerations, and more.

Key Takeaways

1. Veterinary Practice Business Models
2. Common Equipment Requirements
3. Average Prices Charged for Veterinary Services
4. Marketing Your Veterinary Practice
5. Average Costs of Starting a Veterinary Practice
6. Average Ongoing Monthly Costs for a Veterinary Practice
7. Choosing the Right Business Structure for Your Veterinary Practice
8. Common Mistakes of Owning a Veterinary Practice
9. Other Startup Resources, Including Associations, Books, Software, Franchises

Veterinary Practice Business Models

The veterinary industry features a variety of business models, each designed to meet different market needs and client preferences. From traditional clinics to innovative mobile services, there are numerous opportunities for veterinarians to cater to the growing demand for pet healthcare.

1. Traditional Veterinary Clinics

Traditional veterinary clinics focus on providing comprehensive medical care in a fixed location. These clinics offer a wide range of services, including routine check-ups, vaccinations, and surgical procedures. Many clinics emphasize personalized care, creating a welcoming environment for pets and their owners. Some may also sell pet health products and supplies, ensuring a holistic approach to pet wellness.

2. Mobile Veterinary Services

Mobile veterinary services are becoming increasingly popular due to their convenience and personalized care. Veterinarians travel directly to clients’ homes in specially equipped vehicles, providing essential services right at the pet owner’s doorstep. This model is ideal for pet owners who appreciate the convenience of in-home visits or have pets that may experience anxiety in traditional clinic settings.

3. Veterinary Franchises

Veterinary franchises operate under established brand names and standardized procedures. This model offers franchisees the advantage of a recognized brand, operational support, and training programs, making it an attractive option for individuals looking to enter the veterinary field with a proven business framework.

Common Equipment Requirements

According to the Independent Veterinary Practitioners Association, when establishing your own practice, you can expect to invest in a wide variety of equipment. For instance, veterinary practices need costly instruments for treatments and prevention:

1. Scales

Veterinary Scales: $500 — $1,500

2. Lighting

Surgical Lights: $1,000 — $3,500
Examination Lights: $200 — $700

3. IV Pumps

IV Infusion Pumps: $500 — $2,000

4. Medication

Medications (varies widely): $5 — $50 per dose (average monthly stock for a clinic might range $1,500 — $4,000)

5. Anesthesia Machines

Veterinary Anesthesia Machines: $5,000 — $15,000

6. Autoclaves & Sterilizers

Autoclaves & Sterilizers: $1,000 — $6,000

7. Exam & Procedure Tables

Examination Tables: $500 — $2,000
Procedure Tables: $1,000 — $3,000

8. Tools for Physical Examination

Stethoscopes: $50 — $200
Ophthalmoscopes: $200 — $1,000
Otoscope: $100 — $500
Thermometers: $20 — $100

9. Digital X-Ray Imaging Machines

Digital X-Ray Systems: $20,000 — $80,000

10. Supplies for Collecting Laboratory Samples and Administering Treatments

Syringes and Needles: $50 — $200 per box (varies by quantity and size)
Blood Collection Tubes: $50 — $200 per box
Catheters: $10 — $100 each
Bandages and Dressings: $20 — $100 per box
IV Fluids and Administration Sets: $100 — $500 per box

Summary of Average Prices

Scales: $500 — $1,500
Lighting: $200 — $3,500
IV Pumps: $500 — $2,000
Medication: $1,500 — $4,000 per month (stock)
Anesthesia Machines: $5,000 — $15,000
Autoclaves & Sterilizers: $1,000 — $6,000
Exam & Procedure Tables: $500 — $3,000
Tools for Physical Examination: $20 — $1,000
Digital X-Ray Imaging Machines: $20,000 — $80,000
Supplies for Collecting Laboratory Samples and Administering Treatments: $50 — $500 per box/set

These prices are averages and can vary based on brand, quality, and specific features. Summarizing the lower and upper ends of each category, the total estimated costs for veterinary equipment can range from approximately $29,270 to $118,500.

Average Prices Charged for Veterinary Services

The cost of veterinarian services can vary widely depending on the location, the type of animal, the specific service required, and the clinic’s pricing policies. Here are average prices for various veterinarian services in the United States:

General Health Check-ups

Average Price: $50 to $100

Vaccinations

Average Price:
Basic Vaccinations: $20 to $50 per shot
Full Set of Vaccinations: $75 to $100

Surgical Procedures

Average Price:
Spaying/Neutering: $200 to $500
Other Surgeries: $500 to $2,000+ (depending on complexity)

Dental Care

Average Price: $300 to $700

Emergency Services

Average Price:
Emergency Visit Fee: $100 to $200 (additional costs for treatments)
Emergency Surgery: $1,500 to $3,000+

Pet Nutrition Advice

Average Price: $25 to $50 per consultation

Diagnostic Services (X-rays, Ultrasound, Lab Tests)

Average Price:
X-rays: $100 to $250
Ultrasound: $300 to $500
Lab Tests: $50 to $200 (depending on the test)

Pet Grooming

Average Price: $30 to $90 per session (depends on pet size and grooming needs)

Pet Boarding

Average Price: $25 to $45 per day (depending on the facility and services provided)

These prices are averages and can fluctuate based on the specifics of the service and the region. For instance, urban areas and specialized clinics may charge higher fees compared to rural areas or general clinics.

Marketing Your Veterinary Practice

Effective marketing is essential for the success of your veterinary practice. In today’s digital landscape, establishing a strong online presence is key. Start by developing a user-friendly, mobile-responsive website that highlights your services, pricing, and contact details. Your website can serve as a central hub for client interactions, enabling easy appointment bookings and confirmations. Leverage social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook to showcase your work and connect with potential clients. Regularly posting before-and-after photos of groomed pets can effectively demonstrate your expertise and attract new customers.

While digital marketing is vital, traditional methods should not be overlooked. Consider these strategies:

Distributing business cards
Adding branded decals to your vehicle
Participating in local pet events
Offering promotions or loyalty programs to encourage repeat business and referrals

Remember, word-of-mouth is incredibly influential in the veterinary field, so focus on providing exceptional service that will leave clients raving about you to fellow pet owners.

Building an Online Presence

In today’s digital era, a robust online presence is crucial for your veterinary practice. Here are some steps to enhance your visibility:

Start with a well-designed, user-friendly website optimized for both desktop and mobile devices.
Clearly communicate your services, pricing, location, and booking process on your website.
Consider adding a gallery to showcase your veterinary care and success stories.
Include client testimonials to build trust with potential customers.
Optimize your site for local SEO to ensure you appear in local searches when pet owners look for veterinary services in your area.

Social media platforms are powerful tools for engaging with your audience and showcasing your work. Instagram and TikTok are especially effective for veterinary practices, as they allow you to:

Share compelling before-and-after photos
Post engaging videos that highlight your care and services
Regularly share content that educates pet owners about animal health and wellness
Encourage satisfied clients to tag your practice when sharing pictures of their healthy pets
Actively engage with your followers by promptly responding to comments and messages

This interaction not only boosts your visibility but also fosters a loyal community around your brand.

Local Advertising and Networking

While online marketing is essential, local advertising and networking are equally important for your veterinary practice. Start by distributing eye-catching business cards to local pet stores, dog parks, and grooming facilities. These cards serve as a tangible reminder of your services and make it easy for potential clients to reach you. If you have a vehicle for your practice, consider adding branded decals or magnets — turning your car into a mobile advertisement to increase visibility as you travel around town.

Participating in local events is another excellent way to promote your practice and connect with potential clients. Look for opportunities to set up a booth at pet adoption days, community fairs, or pet expos. These events allow you to showcase your expertise, offer quick health assessments, and engage directly with pet owners. Consider volunteering your services at local animal shelters or rescue organizations — this not only gives back to the community but also generates positive word-of-mouth promotion.

Trust is paramount in the veterinary field. By actively engaging with your local community and demonstrating your commitment to animal care, you’ll be well on your way to building a loyal customer base for your veterinary practice.

What are the average costs of starting a veterinary practice?

Starting a veterinary practice involves various costs, which can vary depending on factors such as location, size, and scope of services. Here’s a breakdown of the typical expenses:

Startup Costs for Veterinary Facility

Real Estate and Construction

Property Lease: $2,000 — $7,000 per month
Renovations and Build-Outs: $20,000 — $100,000 (for creating examination rooms, surgery areas, offices, etc.)
Utilities Setup: $1,000 — $3,000

2. Medical Equipment

Examination Tables: $1,000 — $2,500 each
Diagnostic Tools (X-ray, ultrasound, etc.): $10,000 — $40,000
Surgical Equipment: $10,000 — $25,000
Laboratory Equipment: $5,000 — $15,000
Refrigeration Units: $1,000 — $2,000

3. Furniture and Office Equipment

Office Furniture (desks, chairs, etc.): $3,000 — $7,000
Computers and Software: $3,000 — $8,000
Phone System and Internet: $1,000 — $2,000

4. Supplies and Inventory

Medications and Vaccines: $5,000 — $15,000 (initial stock)
Consumables (bandages, syringes, etc.): $3,000 — $8,000
Office Supplies: $1,000 — $2,000

5. Licensing and Insurance

Business Licenses and Permits: $500 — $2,000
Professional Liability Insurance: $1,000 — $2,000 annually
Property and Equipment Insurance: $1,000 — $2,000 annually

6. Staffing Costs

Veterinarian Salary: $6,000 — $10,000 per month
Veterinary Technician Salary: $2,500 — $4,000 per month
Receptionist/Admin Salary: $2,000 — $3,500 per month
Employee Benefits: $500 — $1,000 per employee per month

7. Marketing and Advertising

Initial Marketing Campaign: $2,000 — $5,000
Website Development: $2,000 — $4,000
Signage: $1,000 — $2,000

8. Miscellaneous Costs

Legal and Accounting Services: $1,000 — $2,000
Continuing Education for Staff: $500 — $1,000 annually
Miscellaneous Expenses: $1,000 — $2,0009.

Total Estimated Veterinary Facility Startup Costs
Summarizing the lower and upper ends of each category, the total estimated startup costs for a veterinary facility can range from approximately $175,000 to $500,000.

Ongoing Costs for Veterinary Facility

Staffing Costs

Veterinarian Salaries: $5,000 — $10,000 per month per veterinarian
Veterinary Technician Salaries: $2,000 — $3,500 per month per technician
Receptionist/Admin Salaries: $1,500 — $3,000 per month per receptionist/admin
Employee Benefits (health insurance, retirement plans, etc.): $300 — $1,000 per employee per month
Continuing Education and Training: $50 — $200 per employee per month

2. Medical Supplies and Inventory

Medications and Vaccines: $1,500 — $4,000 per month
Consumables (bandages, syringes, gloves, etc.): $500 — $2,000 per month
Laboratory Supplies: $300 — $1,000 per month

3. Utilities and Facility Maintenance

Rent or Mortgage: $2,000 — $7,000 per month
Utilities (electricity, water, gas, internet, etc.): $800 — $2,000 per month
Facility Maintenance and Repairs: $300 — $1,000 per month
Cleaning Services: $200 — $700 per month

4. Insurance

Professional Liability Insurance: $100 — $200 per month
Property and Equipment Insurance: $100 — $200 per month
Workers’ Compensation Insurance: $100 — $300 per month

4. Marketing and Advertising

Online Advertising (Google Ads, social media, etc.): $100 — $800 per month
Print Advertising: $50 — $300 per month
Website Maintenance: $30 — $150 per month

5. Office and Administrative Costs

Office Supplies: $50 — $200 per month
Software Subscriptions (practice management software, billing, etc.): $50 — $200 per month
Phone and Internet: $50 — $150 per month
Accounting and Legal Services: $100 — $300 per month

6. Miscellaneous Costs

Waste Disposal (medical and general waste): $50 — $200 per month
Uniforms and Laundry: $50 — $150 per month
Miscellaneous Expenses (unexpected costs, small equipment repairs, etc.): $100 — $300 per month

Total Estimated Ongoing Monthly Costs for a Veterinary Facility

Summarizing the lower and upper ends of each category, the total ongoing monthly costs for a veterinary facility can range from approximately $10,000 to $50,000.

These estimates can vary significantly based on the specifics of the practice, including location, the range of services offered, and the business model (e.g., solo practitioner vs. multi-veterinarian clinic).

Startup Costs for Mobile Veterinary Clinic

Starting a mobile vet clinic involves several essential costs, including vehicle acquisition and modification, medical equipment, licensing and insurance, and initial operational expenses. Here’s a breakdown of the typical startup costs:

1. Vehicle Acquisition and Modification

Vehicle Purchase: $50,000 — $100,000 (depending on whether it’s new or used and the size)
Customization/Outfitting: $10,000 — $50,000 (for installing medical equipment, examination tables, storage, etc.)

2. Medical Equipment

Examination Tables: $1,000 — $2,500
Diagnostic Tools (X-ray, ultrasound, etc.): $10,000 — $50,000
Surgical Instruments: $5,000 — $15,000
Laboratory Equipment: $2,000 — $10,000
Refrigeration Units (for medicines): $500 — $2,000

3. Supplies

Medications and Vaccines: $5,000 — $10,000 (initial stock)
Consumables (bandages, syringes, etc.): $1,000 — $5,000

4. Licensing and Insurance

Business Licenses and Permits: $500 — $2,000
Professional Liability Insurance: $1,000 — $3,000 annually
Vehicle Insurance: $1,000 — $3,000 annually

5. Operational Costs

Marketing and Advertising: $1,000 — $5,000 (initial campaigns)
Website Development: $500 — $3,000
Fuel and Maintenance: $500 — $2,000 (initial fund)
Employee Salaries (if any): Varies widely

6. Miscellaneous Costs

Office Supplies and Furniture: $500 — $2,000
Legal and Accounting Services: $1,000 — $3,000

Total Estimated Startup Costs

Adding up these costs, the total estimated startup costs for a mobile vet clinic can range from approximately $90,000 to $200,000, depending on various factors like the vehicle choice, extent of customization, and equipment quality.

Ongoing Costs for Mobile Veterinary Clinic

Running a mobile veterinary clinic involves various ongoing costs that need to be managed effectively to ensure the business remains profitable and sustainable. Here are the key categories and estimates for ongoing costs:

1. Vehicle-Related Costs

Fuel: $200 — $600 per month (depending on the distance covered)
Maintenance and Repairs: $100 — $500 per month
Insurance: $100 — $300 per month

2. Staff Salaries and Benefits

Veterinarian Salary: $6,000 — $10,000 per month (varies by location and experience)
Veterinary Technician Salary: $2,500 — $4,000 per month (if employed)
Receptionist/Admin Salary: $2,000 — $3,500 per month (if employed)
Employee Benefits: $500 — $1,500 per month

3. Medical Supplies and Inventory

Medications and Vaccines: $1,000 — $3,000 per month
Consumables (bandages, syringes, etc.): $500 — $1,500 per month

4. Licensing and Insurance

Professional Liability Insurance: $100 — $250 per month
Business Licenses and Permits: $50 — $100 per month

5. Marketing and Advertising

Online Advertising: $100 — $500 per month
Print Advertising: $100 — $300 per month
Website Maintenance: $50 — $200 per month

6. Office and Administrative Costs

Office Supplies: $50 — $200 per month
Software Subscriptions (scheduling, billing, etc.): $50 — $150 per month
Accounting and Legal Services: $100 — $300 per month

7. Miscellaneous Costs

Continuing Education for Staff: $50 — $200 per month
Miscellaneous (unexpected expenses): $100 — $300 per month

Total Estimated Ongoing Monthly Costs

Based on the above estimates, the total ongoing monthly costs for a mobile veterinary clinic can range from approximately $13,100 to $26,400. This wide range accounts for variations in staffing levels, distance traveled, the volume of services provided, and other factors.

Choosing the Right Business Structure for Your Veterinary Practice

Selecting the appropriate business structure is crucial as it impacts your taxes, liability, and overall operations. For veterinary practices, common options include sole proprietorship, partnership, and limited liability company (LLC). Each structure offers distinct advantages and considerations, so it’s important to evaluate how they align with your business goals and personal circumstances.

A sole proprietorship is the easiest to establish and grants you complete control over your practice. However, many veterinarians opt for an LLC, which provides valuable personal asset protection. This safeguards your personal finances from business liabilities, a critical factor in a field where there’s potential for accidents or unforeseen events. Additionally, lenders often view LLCs as less risky, which can be advantageous when seeking financing.

Whichever structure you decide on, keep in mind that it will affect your tax filing and business management. It’s advisable to consult with a business attorney or accountant to ensure you make the best choice for your practice.

Common Mistakes of Owning a Veterinary Practice

Veterinary practices, like any other business, face a variety of challenges. Here are the top 10 mistakes or pitfalls commonly faced by veterinary practices:

1. Poor Financial Management: Inadequate budgeting, failure to track expenses, and not setting competitive pricing can lead to financial instability.

2. Inefficient Appointment Scheduling: Overbooking, underbooking, or mismanaging appointment times can result in long wait times, decreased client satisfaction, and lost revenue.

3. Lack of Continuing Education: Not keeping up with the latest advancements in veterinary medicine and technology can lead to outdated practices and decreased quality of care.

4. Inadequate Communication: Poor communication with clients regarding treatment options, costs, and follow-up care can lead to misunderstandings and dissatisfaction.

5. Insufficient Marketing: Failing to market the practice effectively, both online and offline, can limit client acquisition and retention.

6. Neglecting Client Relationships: Not building strong, trust-based relationships with clients can result in low client retention and negative word-of-mouth.

7. Underestimating the Importance of Staff Training: Inadequate training for staff can lead to poor customer service, mistakes in patient care, and high staff turnover.

8. Ignoring Online Presence: Not maintaining an up-to-date website, ignoring online reviews, and lacking social media engagement can negatively impact the practice’s reputation and client reach.

9. Compliance Issues: Failing to comply with veterinary regulations and standards can result in legal problems and damage to the practice’s reputation.

10. Inadequate Record Keeping: Poor management of patient records can lead to errors in treatment, inefficient workflow, and issues with compliance and billing.

Avoiding these common pitfalls requires careful planning, ongoing education, and a focus on both the business and medical aspects of the practice.

Common Zoning Laws and Regulations for Veterinary Practices

Veterinarians should be aware of several key aspects of zoning laws and regulations, as these can significantly impact the operation of their practice. Here are some essential points to consider:

1. Zoning Classifications

Commercial vs. Residential: Ensure the property is zoned for commercial use if the practice is in a non-residential area. Some residential areas might allow home-based businesses but with restrictions.
Specific Use Permits: Certain zones might require specific use permits for veterinary practices, especially if they involve animal boarding, surgery, or emergency services.

2. Regulations and Restrictions

Noise Restrictions: Zoning laws may impose noise limitations, which is crucial for practices with barking dogs or other loud animals.
Waste Disposal: There may be specific requirements for the disposal of medical and animal waste, which need to be adhered to for both environmental and health reasons.
Signage: Rules about the size, placement, and illumination of business signs can vary by zone.

3. Building Codes and Standards

Facility Requirements: Veterinary clinics must comply with local building codes, which might include specifications for ventilation, sanitation, and structural integrity.
Accessibility: Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) or other local accessibility laws is mandatory for ensuring that the practice is accessible to all clients.

4. Parking and Traffic

Parking Spaces: Adequate parking must be provided for clients and staff, which is often regulated by zoning laws.
Traffic Flow: Consideration of how the clinic will impact local traffic patterns and if any additional infrastructure is needed.

5. Animal Control Ordinances

Pet Regulations: Local ordinances might regulate the number and types of animals that can be housed or treated at the facility.
Quarantine and Health Requirements: Rules regarding the quarantine of sick animals or specific health requirements for animals being treated or housed.

6. Environmental Impact

Environmental Assessments: Some areas may require an environmental impact assessment, particularly if the practice is near protected areas or water sources.
Green Space Requirements: There might be mandates to maintain certain amounts of green space or landscaping around the facility.

7. Community Impact and Relations

Community Input: Be prepared to engage with the local community, especially if the practice might impact the neighborhood (e.g., noise, traffic, aesthetics).
Local Business Relationships: Building positive relationships with neighboring businesses and residents can help in navigating zoning challenges and fostering a supportive environment.

8. Zoning Changes and Variances

Applying for Variances: If the desired location does not meet zoning requirements, veterinarians might need to apply for a variance, which can be a complex and time-consuming process.
Staying Updated: Zoning laws can change, so it’s important to stay informed about any proposed changes that could affect the practice.

9. Legal and Professional Guidance

Consulting Professionals: Engaging with zoning experts, real estate professionals, and legal advisors who specialize in local zoning laws can help navigate these complexities.
Licensing and Permits: Ensure all necessary licenses and permits are obtained and kept up to date to avoid legal issues.

By understanding and navigating zoning laws effectively, veterinarians can ensure their practices are compliant, functional, and positioned for success within their communities.

For more resources on starting a veterinary practice, I’ve included some recommendations below.

Veterinary Associations

American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
The largest and most influential association representing veterinarians nationwide.

American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA)
Focuses on companion animal practices, providing accreditation and resources to enhance veterinary care.

North American Veterinary Community
The NAVC is a nonprofit organization that creates unparalleled opportunities for the veterinary community that foster lifelong learning, encourage growth and promote well-being to advance animal care worldwide.

Veterinary Meeting and Expo (VMX)
“The World’s Leading Veterinary Expo and Conference”

Books and Courses on Starting a Veterinary Practice

Startup Loans for Pet Care Businesses
by Chris Scott

The E-Myth Veterinarian
by Michael E Gerber and Peter Weinstein

Oops, I Became a Manager: Managing the Veterinary Hospital Team by Finding Unicorns
by Amy Newfield

Software for Managing a Veterinary Practice

Covetrus Pulse vOS
Pulse brings all your veterinary software applications into a seamless, cloud-based veterinary operating system (vOS™).

ezyVet
Next-generation cloud-based software that transforms, innovates and automates the way vets run their practices.

DaySmart Vet
DaySmart Vet provides cloud-based practice management software to automate tasks, streamline workflows, and improve communication.

Veterinary Franchises

Purchasing a franchise is a big decision typically based on a 10-year agreement. Thoroughly research the franchise to determine the number of units currently in operation, the number of units closed, the training provided, location analysis, marketing support, etc.

easyvetclinic
Walk-in veterinary clinics
Initial investment as low as $165K

PetWellClinic
Walk-in pet clinics
Initial investment as low as $205K

VetCheck
Pet Urgent Care Center
Contact for Pricing

Pet Depot
Veterinary and pet supplies market
Initial investment as low as $200K

Bingle Vet Clinics
Walk-in veterinary clinics
Initial investment as low as $550K

PetSmart Veterinary Services
Veterinary clinic inside PetSmart
Initial investment as low as $180K

How can I get a loan to start a Veterinary Practice?

If you want to learn who the best loan sources are, click here to read our free article, The Three Best Loan Sources for Startup Businesses. In this article, you will learn how to get startup capital ranging from $10,000 to $350,000. (And avoid wasting your time on low-probability sources.)