Sangria: A PLONK-ish folding schemeFolding schemes are optimization techniques used by Zero Knowledge Proofs. They target two main areas: memory usage and proof generation…Feb 13, 2024Feb 13, 2024
Fiat-Shamir Exploit to Attack a Plonk VerifierThis experiment was inspired by a recent YouTube publication from the OpenZeppelin team titled “The Last Challenge Attack”, which focused…Dec 18, 2023Dec 18, 2023
Exploring Vulnerabilities: The zkSNARK Malleability Attack on the Groth16 ProtocolThe recent recognition of zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) has garnered attention from a broader audience, including many non-technical…Dec 5, 2023Dec 5, 2023
Under the hood of zkSNARKs — PLONK protocol: part 6Final article in PLONK series. Here we will implement Prover and the Verifier. In the previous article we coded trusted setup, gate and…Nov 22, 2023A response icon1Nov 22, 2023A response icon1
Under the hood of zkSNARKs — PLONK protocol: part 5Previous articles in the PLONK series served as preparations before we got our hands dirty and started implementing the protocol. Diving…Nov 19, 2023Nov 19, 2023
Under the hood of zkSNARKs — PLONK protocol: part4This article will discuss the permutation check in PLONK, which I believe is the second most challenging aspect of the protocol. The most…Nov 14, 2023A response icon2Nov 14, 2023A response icon2
Under the hood of zkSNARKs — PLONK protocol: part3Many materials available online explain the basics of the PLONK protocol, often referencing Vitalik’s example P(x)=x3+x+5=35 from his…Nov 11, 2023A response icon2Nov 11, 2023A response icon2
Published inCoinmonksUnder the hood of zkSNARKs — PLONK protocol: Part 2In the previous article of the PLONK series, we covered the core of the protocol, the KZG commitment scheme, and how polynomial linear…Nov 7, 2023Nov 7, 2023
Published inCoinmonksUnder the hood of zkSNARKs — PLONK protocol: Part 1PLONK is one of the zero-knowledge proving systems that belong to the SNARK group. Compared to Groth16, which is an older system, PLONK…Nov 2, 2023A response icon1Nov 2, 2023A response icon1
Published inCoinmonksTrusted Setup in zkSNARKs— Powers of Tau vs Lagrange basisIn the spirit of unraveling the mystery of the black box known as “zero-knowledge proofs”, this article seeks to address some aspects of…Oct 7, 2023Oct 7, 2023
