Quick Intro to Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model

OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) is the reference model for how applications can communicate over a network. A reference model is a conceptual framework for understanding relationships.

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OSI is primarily used today as a teaching tool. It conceptually divides computer network architecture into 7 layers in a logical progression. The lower layers deal with electrical signals, chunks of binary data, and routing of these data across networks. Higher levels cover network requests and responses, representation of data, and network protocols as seen from a user’s point of view.

1. Physical Layer -the purpose of the Physical layer is to create the electrical, optical, or microwave signal that represents the bits in each frame.

2. Data Link Layer: Digital bandwidth is measured in bits per second bps, kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps.

3. Network Layer: Network layer adds the concept of routing above the Data Link layer.

4. Transport Layer: The Transport Layer delivers data across network connections.

5. Session Layer :The Session Layer manages the sequence and flow of events that initiate and tear down network connections

6. Presentation Layer: The Presentation layer is the simplest in function of any piece of the OSI model.

7. Application Laye: The Application layer supplies network services to end-user applications. Network services are typical protocols that work with user’s data.

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