Types of cutting tools for lathe
. the different shapes of cutting tools used for lathe operations
. the characteristics and uses of different shapes of lathe tools.
Cutting tool -classificationhttps://www.infomechanicaltools.com/2021/10/Lathe-types-of-cutting-tools.html
-single point cutting tools
-multi-point cutting tools
Form tools.
Single point cutting tools have one cutting edge which performs the cutting action. Most of the lathe cutting tools are single point cutting tools.
Single point cutting tools used on lathes may be grouped into:
-side-cutting tools
-end -cutting tools
Side cutting edge tools have their cutting edges formed on the side of the cutting tool, and are used on lathes for most of the operations. They are again classified as right hand tools and left hand tools. A right hand tool operates from the tailstock and towards the headstock, and a left hand tool operates from the headstock end towards the tailstock. The cutting edges is formed accordingly.
End -cutting tools have their cutting edge at the front end of the tools and are used on lathes for plunge opertations.
Multi-point cutting tools
These tools have more than one cutting edge and remove metal from the work simultaneously by the action of all the cutting edges. The application of multi point cutting tools on the lathe is mostly done by holding the tool in tailstock and feeding it to the work.
Form tools
These tools reproduce on the work the form and shape of the cutting edges to which they are ground. Form tools perform the operations on the work by the plunging action, and are fixed on the tool post, square to the axis of the work, and are fed by the cross slide. They may have their cutting edges formed on square of rectangular section tool blanks acting radially. The form tools may be either circular form tools or tangential form tools. They may require special holders to which they are fixed and the holder themselves are clamped on the tool posts for the operations.
LATHE CUTTING TOOL TYPES
Solid type tools
Brazed type tools
Inserted bits with holders
Throw-away type tools
Solid tools
These are tools having their cutting edges ground on slid bits of square rectangular and round cross -sections. Most of the lathe cutting tools are of the solid type, and high carbon steel and high speed steel tools depend upon the capacity of the machine, the type of tool post and the nature of the operation.
Inserted bits with holders
Solid high speed steel tools are costly;hence, they are sometimes used as inserted bits. These bits are small in sizes, and are inserted in the holes of the holder. These holders are held and clamped in the tool posts to carry out the operations. The disadvantage in this type of tools is that the rigidity of the tool is poor
Brazed tools
These tools are made up of two different metals. The cutting portions of these tools are of cutting tool materials, and the body of the tools do not possess any cutting ability, and are tough. Tungsten carbide tools are mostly of the brazed type. Tungsten carbide bits of square, rectangular and triangular shape are brazed to the tips of the shank. The tips of the shank metal pieces are machined on the top surface according to the shape of the fits so as to accommodate the carbide bits. These tools are economical, and give better rigidity for the tools than the inserted bits clamped in the tool-holder. This is applicable to high speed steel brazed tools also.
Throw-away type tools
Carbide brazed tools when blunt or broken need grinding which is time absorbing and expensive. Hence, they are used as throw -away inserts in mass production. Special tool-holders are needed and the carbide bits of rectangular, square of triangular shapes are clamped in the seating faces and machined on this type of special holders.
The seating faces are machined in such a way that the rake and clearance needed for the cutting bits are automatically achieved when the bits are clamped.
Lathe cutting tool shapes
Lathe cutting tools are available in a variety of shapes for performing different operations. Some of the lathe cutting tools generally used are:
-facing tool
-knife edge tool
-roughing tool
-round nose finishing tool
-broad nose finishing tool
-undercutting tool/parting off tool
-external threading tool
-boring tool