What are the different types of military medals and honors, and how are they awarded?

Military medals and honors are symbols of bravery, sacrifice, and outstanding service. They recognize the extraordinary achievements and commitment of service members. This guide will explore the different types of military medals and honors, detailing how they are awarded and what they represent. We’ll also touch on some high-volume keywords to help you understand the topic better.

Types of Military Medals and Honors

1. Medal of Honor

The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. It is presented for acts of valor above and beyond the call of duty. Recipients, known as Medal of Honor recipients, receive the medal from the President of the United States on behalf of Congress.

2. Distinguished Service Cross (Army), Navy Cross, Air Force Cross

These medals are awarded for extraordinary heroism. The Distinguished Service Cross is for the Army, the Navy Cross for the Navy and Marine Corps, and the Air Force Cross for the Air Force. They are second only to the Medal of Honor in terms of precedence.

3. Silver Star

The Silver Star is the third-highest military combat decoration. It is awarded for gallantry in action against an enemy of the United States.

4. Bronze Star Medal

The Bronze Star Medal is awarded for acts of heroism, acts of merit, or meritorious service in a combat zone. It can be awarded with a “V” device for valor.

5. Purple Heart

The Purple Heart is awarded to those wounded or killed while serving with the U.S. military. It is a symbol of sacrifice and bravery.

6. Legion of Merit

The Legion of Merit is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements.

7. Distinguished Flying Cross

This medal is awarded for heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight.

8. Army Commendation Medal

The Army Commendation Medal is awarded for sustained acts of heroism or meritorious service.

9. Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal

This medal is similar to the Army Commendation Medal but is awarded by the Navy and Marine Corps.

10. Air Force Commendation Medal

Awarded for sustained acts of heroism or meritorious service specifically for the Air Force.

11. Prisoner of War Medal

Awarded to any service member who was taken prisoner and held captive after April 5, 1917.

12. Good Conduct Medal

The Good Conduct Medal is awarded to enlisted service members who have displayed exemplary behavior, efficiency, and fidelity in active federal military service.

13. Presidential Medal of Freedom

While not a military decoration, the Presidential Medal of Freedom is the highest civilian award of the United States. It can be awarded to military personnel for their contributions to the security or national interests of the United States, world peace, or cultural or other significant public or private endeavors.

How Are Military Medals and Honors Awarded?

Eligibility and Nomination

The process for awarding military medals and honors begins with eligibility. Service members must meet specific criteria related to their actions, conduct, and service. For valor awards, actions must be above and beyond the call of duty, often involving significant personal risk.

Recommendation Process

A recommendation is typically made by a commanding officer who documents the actions or service of the individual. This recommendation includes witness statements, after-action reports, and other supporting documentation.

Review and Approval

The recommendation undergoes a thorough review process. Higher command levels review and endorse it before it reaches the awarding authority. For top-tier awards like the Medal of Honor, the recommendation is reviewed by Congress and approved by the President.

Presentation Ceremony

Once approved, medals and honors are often presented in a formal ceremony. The Medal of Honor, for instance, is presented by the President in a White House ceremony. Other medals may be presented by senior military officials during unit ceremonies or special events.

The Significance of Military Medals and Honors

Military medals and honors serve multiple purposes:

• Recognition of Valor and Sacrifice: They acknowledge the bravery and sacrifices made by service members.
• Inspiration and Morale: Awards inspire others within the military to strive for excellence and demonstrate similar bravery and commitment.
• Historical Record: They provide a historical record of heroic actions and meritorious service, preserving the legacy of those who served.

Understanding the different types of military medals and honors and how they are awarded provides insight into the valor, commitment, and sacrifices of service members. These awards recognize extraordinary achievements and serve as a source of inspiration for future generations.