How Did Europe Operate in the 13th Century?

Demetrius Khananisho-Tolliver
5 min readJun 19, 2024
An inhabited initial from 13th-century France depicting the Tripartite Order of the Middle Ages. British Library, London

European chaos seems to always emerge in the darkest of moments in history with constant wars, plagues, and famines that seem to always reappear at the worst of times. So… How did they do it, the Europeans had to have a unique system of society to adapt and work against these opposing forces. The image provided above may just look like three people taking to each other when actually it gives us a great insight as to how they created their societal system to better function during these hardships.

The 13th century was the apex of the Middle Ages as by then, power finally shifted from Eastern Europe to Western Europe. Potentially too, this might've been the cause to the early birthing of the Renaissance (1400–1650), with the creation of universities and schools to be made. Also, Gothic Architecture became huge giving more jobs and appreciation to the arts. In order for all this to happen there had to be a class system to help make a stable foundation for Europe to grow. Three distinct social classes resided in this with different jobs and traits that were needed for them. Back then it would be based on your birthright of your practice with inherited reputations being an excellent form of social traditionalism. Kings and Peasants wasn't the only forms of power as we stereotype them to be, rather it was somewhat the opposite.

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