The telecoms industry is only trapped into IMS because it lets itself be. There are plenty of parts of telecoms which have escaped the icy claws of IMS - most enterprise units, web divisions, content/TV arms & assorted app businesses for example. However, few CEOs have been brave enough to face down the engineering unit & the international standards/trade associations like GSMA & 3GPP. They’ve willingly gone along with the wishful-thinking and strategic over-reach for decades. That’s what needs “transformation” in the industry