Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs)
Software-defined vehicles, also known as software-defined cars or Robot Taxis, are a new paradigm in the automotive industry that emphasizes the central role of software in accomplishing the vehicle functionality and capabilities. SDVs currently could consist of 100s of millions of lines of code on an average.
In traditional vehicles, hardware components such as engines, transmissions, and mechanical systems have primarily determined the vehicle specifications and performance.
However, in software-defined vehicles, software plays a central and dynamic role in controlling, managing, and enhancing various aspects of the vehicle’s operation and also the user experience.
Here are some key aspects of software-defined vehicles:
The first and foremost is the Flexibility and Upgradability: SW updates can introduce new features, improve performance and address security issues. This flexibility allows for continuous improvement and personalization of the vehicles
Autonomous Driving: SDVs use advanced sensors, cameras and software algorithms to perceive the environment and make dynamic driving decisions using HD maps, perception, planner trajectories and take appropriate control actions
V2X Connectivity: SDVs are equipped with high-speed data connections to infrastructure for enabling Over-The-Air Software updates, real-time traffic information with an ability to remotely control and perform diagnostics. They are also connected to other vehicles and pedestrians for better communication which enables SDVs to make informed decisions
User Experience: The user interface in software-defined vehicles is highly customizable, often featuring touchscreen displays, voice commands, and infotainment systems powered by software. This allows for easy access to apps, navigation, entertainment, and more.
Cloud Integration: SDVs are often integrated with Cloud Based Services, allowing for the storage of large amounts of data being collected from these vehicles over time. It is really important for the data analysis and improvement of vehicle performance over time with better tracking of metrics. Cloud-Based Services can also provide user profile customizations using vehicle settings and data analytics
Cybersecurity: Given the reliance on software, connectivity and the 100s of millions of lines of code involved, security is a significant concern in software-defined vehicles. These vehicles are equipped with robust security measures to protect against hacking and unauthorized access to critical vehicle functions as was discussed in yesterday’s sessions
Another part of this transformation of mobility towards SDVs includes a major shift in the supply chain as well.
Previously, we only had hardware and software providers but for SDVs, we would need more cloud service providers, network connectivity providers, better security standards, OTA and wireless carrier capabilities etc.,
Apart from the base vehicle platform, there are a lot of dependencies on network infrastructure, V2X communications etc.,
There are certain Advantages with SDVs as follows:
Reduced Manufacturing Costs is an advantage: With SDVs, functionalities are consolidated into fewer chips, eliminating the need for multiple individually-sourced chips and silicon. This will reduce manufacturing costs to approximately 14% of total E/E cost and a 7% overall reduction).
Accelerated Product Development is enabled: Currently, it takes months if not years to roll out new features as the testing and integration process is long and complicated using a monolithic code. With the agility of an SDV, upgrades and new features can be properly tested quickly and then launched securely over-the-air, shortening the time to market to only weeks.
Changing Driver Demands are supported: Today’s drivers are used to instant gratification and are already embracing the “smartphonization” of their vehicles. SDVs offer a clear way for OEMs to provide drivers with all of the flexibility and personalization they demand.
Innovation: While the road to fully autonomous vehicles remains long, many of the elements that need to be put in place for SDVs are setting the foundation for the autonomous cars of the future. All of the investments being made today in the technologies and infrastructure changes needed to power SDVs will pay off long into the future as the industry continues to innovate and evolve.
Finally, if the SDVs are defined around customer personalization, OEMs could raise the growth potential in terms of operating margins upto roughly 12% in the near future, (this is by anticipating the interest of customers to involve in certain type of subscriptions.)
