TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT AND ITS CONNECTION WITH NECK PAIN: DECODING CERVICOGENIC HEADACHES

6 min readDec 28, 2023

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex joint connecting the jawbone and the skull. It plays an important role in the movement of the jaw and is often associated with neck pain and headaches. In this blog, we will be decoding the connection between the TMJ and neck pain, as well as exploring the concept of cervicogenic headaches.

What is the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)?

The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) is a crucial component of our facial structure, located on both sides of the head, just in front of the ears. It connects the lower jawbone, or mandible, to the temporal bones at the side of the skull. This joint enables us to talk, chew, and yawn by functioning as a sliding hinge.

There are several intricate elements within the TMJ, including muscles, ligaments, and an articular disc composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue. This disc, situated between the condyle of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone, enables the joint to move smoothly by reducing friction and absorbing shocks during biting and chewing.

Problems with the TMJ are collectively referred to as Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD). These can result in pain or impaired movement in the jaw and surrounding muscles, often presenting symptoms like headaches, ear pain, difficulty opening or closing the mouth, and a clicking sound in the jaw.

Understanding the Connection between TMJ and Neck Pain

The connection between Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) disorders and neck pain can be appreciated from both biological and holistic perspectives. Biologically, the TMJ and the neck are interconnected through a network of muscles, ligaments, and nerves. When the TMJ is not functioning properly or is in pain, it can cause tension and strain in these connecting tissues, leading to referred pain in the neck area. This is particularly true for the Sternocleidomastoid muscle, a major muscle in the neck that assists in head and jaw movement.

On the other hand, from a holistic perspective, the body is seen as a complex, interconnected system. Any imbalance, such as a TMJ disorder, can disrupt overall harmony, affecting distant parts of the body, including the neck. Stress, for instance, can exacerbate TMJ disorders, leading to increased muscle tension throughout the body and thus causing or worsening neck pain. Therefore, holistic treatment approaches seek to relieve not just the local symptoms at the TMJ, but also the overall tension and stress in the body to alleviate associated neck pain.

Exploring Cervicogenic Headaches

Cervicogenic headaches are unique as they originate from issues in the neck, specifically from the cervical spine or base of the skull region. This type of headache is often triggered by certain neck movements or postures.

Symptoms: These headaches may mimic those experienced during a migraine or tension-type headache. Symptoms might include a dull, aching sensation often accompanied by reduced range of motion in the neck, and discomfort in the back of the head or temples.
Causes: They are often caused by cervical osteoarthritis, a herniated disc, or other neck injuries that put pressure on the cervical spine.
Treatment: Treatment options often involve physical therapy, medications, nerve blocks, or in rare cases, surgery. It’s always recommended to consult with a healthcare provider to diagnose and treat cervicogenic headaches appropriately.
Lifestyle changes: To manage and prevent cervicogenic headaches, patients are advised to adopt healthy lifestyle habits such as maintaining good posture, regular exercise, avoiding prolonged time in one position, and incorporating stress management techniques.

Cervicogenic headaches can be debilitating and affect an individual’s quality of life.

Diagnosing and Treating TMJ-Related Neck Pain

TMJ-related neck pain can be a debilitating condition, often resulting from issues with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) which connects the jaw to the skull. This pain can radiate to the neck causing discomfort, headaches and often affecting quality of life.

Diagnosis of TMJ-related neck pain begins with a thorough medical examination. A healthcare provider will gather your detailed medical history and conduct a physical examination. They will specifically look for tenderness in your jaw, listen for clicking or popping noises when you move your mouth, and examine your bite and facial muscle function.

Treatment for TMJ-related neck pain can range from non-invasive therapies to surgical interventions. For mild cases, self-care practices such as avoiding hard foods, applying ice packs, and practicing stress-reducing exercises can alleviate symptoms. Your doctor may also provide you with exercises to stretch and strengthen your jaw muscles.

In some cases, medication may be required to manage the pain or inflammation. This could include over-the-counter pain relievers, muscle relaxants, or anti-inflammatory drugs. For more severe cases, dental therapies or even surgical interventions may be recommended. However, these are generally considered as last resort treatments after conservative methods have failed.

It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider if you suspect you’re suffering from TMJ-related neck pain. They can provide a proper diagnosis and develop a tailored treatment plan to relieve your symptoms and improve your quality of life.

Tips for Managing TMJ-Related Neck Pain

Managing TMJ-related neck pain can be a challenging task. However, with the right measures, it’s possible to alleviate the discomfort and improve your quality of life.

Regular Exercise: Regular neck and jaw exercises can help strengthen the muscles around the joints, reducing stress and minimizing pain.
Heat Application: Applying a warm compress to the affected area can improve blood circulation, relax the muscles, and thereby, alleviate pain.
Avoid Excessive Jaw Movement: Avoid activities that involve wide opening of the jaw, such as yawning or chewing gum, as they can exacerbate the symptoms.
Proper Posture: Maintain a good posture, especially while working or using electronic devices. A poor posture can strain the neck and jaw muscles, leading to increased pain.
Professional Treatment: If the pain persists, it may be necessary to consult a healthcare professional for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. They may suggest therapies like physical therapy, medication, or surgery if needed.
Stress Management: Stress can be a major contributor to TMJ-related neck pain. Practicing relaxation techniques like meditation, deep breathing, and yoga can help reduce stress levels and alleviate discomfort.

In addition to these measures, it’s also important to take care of your overall health. This includes getting enough sleep, maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet, and staying hydrated. A healthy lifestyle can help improve your body’s ability to manage pain and reduce the frequency and severity of TMJ-related neck pain episodes.
It’s also essential to listen to your body and rest when needed. Overexertion or fatigue can worsen symptoms, so it’s crucial to take breaks when necessary and not push your body beyond its limits.
Remember, managing TMJ-related neck pain is a continuous process that requires patience and consistency. By incorporating these tips into your daily routine, you can find relief and improve your overall well-being.

Conclusion: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex joint that connects the jawbone and the skull. It is important to understand the connection between TMJ and neck pain, as it can lead to cervicogenic headaches. Diagnosing and treating TMJ-related neck pain can be difficult, but there are tips for managing the pain. By understanding the connection between TMJ and neck pain, we can decode the mystery of cervicogenic headaches and take steps to manage the pain. It is important to seek medical advice if you are experiencing neck pain or headaches, as they can be signs of a more serious condition.