What is High Blood Sugar — Hyperglycemia?

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High blood sugar, also known as HYPERGLYCEMIA, occurs when the glucose level in your bloodstream rises above the normal range. It is a common issue for people with diabetes and can lead to serious health problems if not managed properly.

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Understanding Hyperglycemia

According to the American Diabetes Association, the Normal Blood Glucose target range for:

• Healthy people, the body’s homeostatic mechanism of blood sugar regulation restores the blood sugar level to a range of about 4.4 to 6.1 mmol/L (79 to 110 mg/dL) before meals. The blood glucose level may rise temporarily after meals, in non-diabetics, up to 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL).
• Diabetic people should be 5.0 to 7.2 mmol/L (90 to 130 mg/dL) before meals and less than 10.0 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) after meals.

Conversion rate is 1.0 mmol/L equals 18 mg/dL.

Glucose units used for: International Standard is millimoles per liter (mmol/L), United States and Continental Europe is milligrams per decilitre (mg/dL).

Hyperglycemia is defined by a blood sugar level for diabetics which is higher than 7.2 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) before a meal or above 10.0 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) two hours after starting a meal. Common symptoms include:

• frequent urination
• increased thirst
• blurred vision
• fatigue
• headaches.

If left untreated, chronic hyperglycemia can result in complications such as (1) nerve damage, (2) cardiovascular disease, and (3) kidney problems.

More info about the Symptoms and Signs of High Blood Sugar is provided in this link.

Causes of High Blood Sugar

Several factors can cause high blood sugar levels:

1. Diet — Consuming high amounts of sugary or carbohydrate-rich foods can spike blood glucose.
2. Lack of Exercise — Physical inactivity can lead to elevated blood sugar as exercise helps regulate glucose levels.
3. Stress — Both physical and emotional stress can increase blood sugar levels.
4. Illness — Certain illnesses or infections can cause hyperglycemia.
5. Medications — Some medications, especially corticosteroids, can raise blood glucose levels.
6. Poor Diabetes Management — Not taking enough insulin or oral diabetes medications/supplements can result in high blood sugar.

More info about the Primary Causes of High Blood Sugar is provided in this link.

Managing High Blood Sugar

Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels is crucial to preventing the complications of hyperglycemia. Here are some tips for managing high blood sugar:

1. Monitor Blood Sugar — Regularly checking your blood sugar level helps you stay informed and make necessary actions.
2. Healthy Diet — Opt for a balanced diet with low glycemic index foods, rich in fiber, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
3. Regular Exercise — Engage in regular physical activity to help lower and maintain blood glucose levels.
4. Hydration — Drinking plenty of water can help flush out excess glucose through urine.
5. Medication Adherence — Ensure you take your prescribed medications and supplements as directed by your healthcare provider.
6. Stress Management — Practice relaxation techniques like meditation, yoga, or deep-breathing exercises to manage stress.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience severe symptoms of hyperglycemia, especially in combination such as the following:

• Extreme thirst
• Frequent urination
• Nausea
• Shortness of breath

Seek medical attention immediately!!!

These symptoms including fruity-smelling breath, nausea, vomiting, and confusion can indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt treatment).

Take Away

Understanding hyperglycemia and its causes is the first step toward managing and preventing high blood sugar levels.

By adopting a (1) healthy lifestyle, (2) monitoring your blood sugar, and (3) religiously following your healthcare provider’s advice, you can effectively control your blood glucose and maintain your overall health.

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