Graham, the case was filed by a salon, not by consumers. There are a large number of consumers, each losing some money, while there is a limited number of dentists/gainers (who pass on some of the gains to their employees). I don’t know of any calculation of dead-weight loss, but such losses concern mainly professional economists, and generally do not drive public policy or public outrage. Consumers do have a choice of a do-it-yourself teeth brightening over-the-counter solution. So, not allowing salons to offer this service probably drives most potential consumers to the DIY lower-result/lower-cost product, and some to the dentist higher-result /’much higher’-cost product In other words, potential consumers are deprived of the higher-result/medium-cost product.