Linux Unwrapped for Beginners

Operating systems, also called OS, have formed a necessary foundation for the management and communication between the software and hardware of every application.

It plays a vital role, and the software will not function without it. Different operating systems include Windows, MacOS, and Linux.

This article will discuss what Linux is, why Linux, the components of Linux, and Linux distributions.

Whenever people are asked what is Linux?, They mention Debian, Kali, Ubuntu, RedHat, etc. But these are the distributions of Linux and different from the definition of Linux. You then ask yourself what is now LINUX?

What is Linux?

The term Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991, inspired by the Unix operating system, to be a Unix-like system with similar functionality but available for a more extensive range of computer hardware.

So by definition, Linux is a free and open-source operating kernel that serves as the KERNEL for various Linux-based operating systems known as “Linux distributions”.

WHY LINUX?

Despite the presence of alternative operating systems such as Windows and macOS/iOS, Linux has gained popularity in recent years for a variety of reasons. Here are some of the elements that are influencing Linux’s growing popularity:

1. Open-Source Philosophy: The open-source nature of Linux encourages collaboration and creativity, Continuous improvement, speedy bug fixes, and increased security are the products of a global community of developers working together. This collaborative approach results in an operating system that is robust and reliable.
2. Security: Because of its community-driven development and frequent updates, Linux has an excellent security track record. Because of the open-source model, vulnerabilities can be quickly found and corrected. Linux distributions include robust security measures, access controls, and encryption choices, making it a reliable alternative for security-conscious consumers.
3. Performance and efficiency: It is designed to be lightweight, scalable, and resource-efficient. This makes Linux appropriate for a wide range of devices, from embedded systems to high-performance servers, where efficiency and responsiveness are critical.
4. Stability and Reliability: Linux is well-known for its stability and reliability, making it an excellent choice for mission-critical systems and servers. It can run for long periods without rebooting, ensuring continuous functioning.
5. Cost-Effective: Because Linux is open source, there are no license fees, resulting in significant cost savings for people and companies; also, Linux’s efficiency and resource optimization contribute to lower hardware needs.

Other elements also contribute to the growing popularity of Linux such as flexibility, portability, multiprogramming, etc.

The components of Linux

Linux is made up of vital essential components that work together to produce a complete operating system. These components are as follows:

1. Linux kernel: is the operating system’s essential component. It provides critical services such as process management, memory management, device drivers, file system management, and hardware abstraction. The kernel operates as a bridge between software and hardware, allowing communication and resource allocation.
2. System Libraries: Linux includes a collection of system libraries that provide pre-compiled functions and code snippets for use by applications, including input/output operations, network communication, graphical user interfaces, and more. The GNU C Library (glibc) is the most commonly used system library in Linux.
3. Shell: The shell is a command-line interpreter that allows users to communicate with the operating system. It reads and executes commands entered by the user and aids program execution, file management, and system configuration. Bash (Bourne Again Shell), Zsh (Z Shell), and Fish (Friendly Interactive Shell) are all commonly used shells on Linux
4. Desktop Environment: Linux has a variety of desktop environments that enable a comprehensive graphical user interface (GUI) experience. A window manager, panels, menus, file managers, and other utilities are included in desktop environments to provide a user-friendly experience. Popular desktop environments include GNOME, KDE Plasma, Xfce, and Cinnamon.
5. Utilities and programs: Linux distributions include a variety of utilities and programs for performing daily activities. Text editors, web browsers, office suites, video players, image editors, development tools, system management utilities, and other applications fall under this category. Furthermore, the Linux ecosystem enables access to a wide range of open-source software packages and applications via package management systems.

Linux Distribution

What most people call Linux or define when asked about Linux, is the distribution. A Linux distribution is an entire operating system built around the Linux kernel. While the Linux kernel is the system’s foundation, a distribution includes extra software, utilities, libraries, and a graphical user interface (GUI) to provide a user-friendly environment.

Some of the most popular Linux distributions are:

1. Debian
2. Ubuntu
3. Kali-Linux
4. RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)
5. Fedora
6. Arch Linux
7. Slackware
8. CentOS
9. openSUSE
10. Gentoo

Keep in mind that the “best” distribution is a matter of personal opinion, needs, and skill levels. But it should be noted that the various Linux distributions available have their own set of characteristics, goals, and target audiences.

Consider the following aspects when deciding which Linux distribution to use to ensure the best fit for your needs and preferences:

1. User-Friendliness: If you are new to Linux or prefer a more user-friendly environment, Distributions such as Ubuntu, Linux Mint, or elementary OS are popular choices. They have user-friendly interfaces and make the move from other operating systems easier.
2. Security and Penetration Testing: Distributions like Kali Linux are specifically developed with many security tools and utilities pre-installed for security-focused work like penetration testing.
3. Special Use Cases: Certain distributions are designed to address specific use cases. CentOS and RHEL, for example, are popular server deployment options, but Ubuntu Studio is built for video creation and creative work. Consider your specific requirements and look for distributions that meet those requirements.
4. Community and Support: The strength of the community and the availability of support resources are crucial considerations. A distribution with an active and supportive community can give vital assistance, troubleshooting instructions, forums, and documentation. Inquiring about the community and support channels might offer you the available resources for seeking help when needed.

Conclusion

Finally, Linux is a robust and versatile operating system that provides several advantages to both novice and experienced users. Because it is open-source, it encourages cooperation and innovation, resulting in a robust and dependable system. Because Linux offers great security, stability, and performance, it is a popular choice for mission-critical systems and a wide range of devices.

Understanding Linux components such as the kernel, system libraries, shell, and desktop environments enable users to fully utilize its capabilities. Furthermore, the availability of numerous Linux distributions caters to varying user preferences and specific use cases, delivering a personalized experience.