While I do sympathize with some of what you say, I really think you’re making things hard on yourself here.
AFAIK, Typescript is an ecosystem of its own, if you want to use it, you’ll most likely have to face the fact that there’ll be source files, and there’ll be transpiled files.
React isn’t obligatory for writing a simple form (I think knockout.js sounds like a great contender!) And while I agree that `this` in JS can be confusing, the KO docs cover the situation with `this` in event handlers quite well, see http://knockoutjs.com/documentation/click-binding.html.
If what you’re looking to write is simply a two-way bound form, to me it seems like the solution is use something like knockout.js, and add what you need on top of that, not going directly for all the latest hoo ha.
Again, I agree with some of what you’re saying, but I can also feel like it’s a bit too easy to hate on the JS ecosystem nowadays. Yes, there are multiple ways of doing things, and no, there’s no single authority, but a lot of projects (eg. knockout.js) work really well without being in the limelight.