GEOGRAPHY FOR UPSC STUDY NOTES- I

Geography is an important subject for the UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) examination, which is one of the most prestigious competitive exams in India. It is a vast and diverse field that covers various aspects of the Earth’s physical and human landscapes. Here are some brief notes on key topics in geography that can be helpful for UPSC preparation:

1. Physical Geography:

• Earth’s Structure: The Earth is divided into three main layers — the core, mantle, and crust.
• Plate Tectonics: The movement of tectonic plates leads to earthquakes, volcanic activities, and the formation of mountains and oceanic trenches.
• Landforms: Study of major landforms like mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, deserts, etc.
• Climate and Weather: Understanding the factors influencing climate patterns and the difference between weather and climate.
• Biomes: Different ecological regions like tropical rainforests, deserts, tundra, etc.

2. Human Geography:

• Population and Migration: Study of population distribution, growth, demographic transition, and migration patterns.
• Urbanization: Understanding urban growth, challenges, and the concept of smart cities.
• Settlements: Different types of settlements and their characteristics.
• Economic Geography: Factors influencing economic activities, industries, agriculture, and trade.
• Resource Distribution: Study of natural resources like minerals, water, energy, etc.

3. Indian Geography:

• Physical Features: Mountains (Himalayas, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats), rivers (Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra), plateaus, and plains.
• Climate: India’s diverse climate zones and monsoonal pattern.
• Agriculture: Major crops, cropping patterns, Green Revolution, and challenges in the agricultural sector.
• Industries: Industrial regions, mineral-based industries, and the impact of liberalization on the Indian economy.

Click here to get more information