Aperture, Shutter speed, ISO
Aperture
Aperture is how much light is allowed to hit the eye of the camera.
Shutter Speed
Shutter speed is the speed is basically how fast the camera shot is.
Dynamic Range
Dynamic range is similar to the white balance of the photo.
Depth of field
Depth of field is similar to the focus of one object versus another.
ISO
ISO is how sensitive the camera is to light.
What I learned
What I have learned from looking up this different terms is a lot. I have learned that there is a lot more to taking photos then point and click. You have to be sure you know what kind of photo it is that you want to take. Depending on the type of photo you will have to setup your camera right way for each shot just to get the image you wish to capture. All these items, depth of field, aperture, shutter speed, ISO, and dynamic range, will help you on your way.