English literature is the body of written works produced in the English language by inhabitants of the British Isles from the 7th century to the present. It encompasses a wide range of genres, including poetry, fiction, drama, non-fiction, and essays. English literature has been shaped by a variety of influences, including the Anglo-Saxon tradition, the Norman Conquest, the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, and the rise of democracy.
Old English Literature (5th-11th centuries)
The earliest form of English literature is known as Old English literature. It was written in the Anglo-Saxon language, which was brought to Britain by Germanic settlers in the 5th century. Old English literature is characterized by its use of alliteration, its focus on heroic themes, and its religious content.
Some of the most important works of Old English literature include:
Beowulf: An epic poem that tells the story of a Geatish warrior who defeats a monster and a dragon. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A collection of historical records that chronicles the events of Anglo-Saxon England. The Dream of the Rood: A dream vision poem that explores the Christian concept of the crucifixion.
The Middle English Literature(11th — 15th centuries)
The Norman Conquest of England in 1066 led to the introduction of the French into England. This led to the development of Middle English, a hybrid language that combined Old English with French. Middle English literature is characterized by its use of allegory, its focus on courtly love, and its religious satire.
