The Convoluted and Surprisingly Difficult Life of the YouTube Gamer
Just play games and make money? Where do I sign?
The meme of the professional video game playing YouTuber rolling around in easy money fits nicely into the news cycle. Take one part cultural ignorance, one part assumed superiority to youth, add a dash of outrage culture and you get an internet full of headlines like “Some Guy Named Poodz Makes MILLIONS playing VIDEO GAMES!?”
But the fascinating part of this story isn’t Pewdiepie (who, by the way, is talented, intelligent, and kind) it’s the literal thousands of people making a living playing video games on the internet. Not only is this middle class responsible for the vast majority of professional creators, they also represent most of the views and revenue.
“YouTube gamers are generally one-person-shops in a second bedroom office recording, editing, promoting… doing everything we do for our channels on our own.” — KurtJMac (340,000 subs, 65M views)
Does it fit nicely into a headline? No. Are they making millions of dollars a year? Rarely. Many of them are making just enough to quit their day jobs, while others supplement other income. The vast majority of people trying to make it work, of course, cannot. The low barrier to entry ultimately creates a ridiculously crowded market and turning that video of you playing Call of Duty or Happy Wheels into a thriving community of active viewers is not something that just happens.
We are, for this article, going to disregard the talent and thought and strategy and work and work and work that go into crafting good gaming content because that’s fairly true for anyone working in online media.
What is really remarkable to me is that, even after all that work, gamers have a much tougher go than the average YouTuber.
Here’s a discussion of why.
Massive Ad Inventory And Eight-Month Dry Spells
The online video ecosystems thrives largely on ads. Gaming content is exactly what YouTube wants (the videos are long, the audiences are engaged, and thus people stay on the site.) So YouTube does their best to build the gaming community, but monetizing it is a different story. There is so much popular gaming content on YouTube that for much of the year, the inventory far outstrips advertiser demands.
Only during the fourth quarter do ad rates start to approach what the rest of YouTube expects throughout the year. Accounting for the lean times doesn’t make building a business on this content easy.
“Ask now and we’ll say ‘Going well!’ Ask in January and we’ll all be crying.” — Dan Hardcastle (2.3M subscribers, 800M views)
Ad Blocking Disproportionally Affects Gamers
The viewers of video game content on YouTube are young and savvy. They are exactly the sort of people who tend to enthusiastically install ad blocking software.
Creators get paid based on whether ads play on their channels. If the ads don’t play, creators don’t get paid. The rate creators get paid per ad is lower, but that doesn’t even account for the ads that don’t get served.
Gamers Give Away Revenue to Protect Themselves from Copyright Trouble
Game producers are inconsistent with how they enforce their copyright. Some encourage gamers, even paying them to play their games. Others (notoriously, Nintendo) will claim your video and all of the revenue it produces if you upload gameplay from one of its systems.
But, in exchange for a percentage of your revenue, multi-channel networks (MCNs) will protect you from these claims as well as the terrifying possibility of “Copyright Strikes” (three of which will result in your channel to be removed from YouTube entirely.)
“It’s not always apparent that new AAA titles will allow YouTubers to record their gameplay…the only way to really get around this is to be large enough to have a managed channel which can be really difficult for most people.” — OMGChad (360,000 subs, 48M views)
The Less You Make, The Less You Make
Gamers with large audiences have the ability negotiate nice contracts with their MCNs, YouTube is better at selecting them for higher quality advertisements, and brands looking for the biggest bang for their buck are more likely to single them out for lucrative brand deals.
But if you’re small-time (by which I mean, you only have the viewership of the median cable TV show) your ad rates are lower, your brand deals are sparser, and the cut your MCN takes is higher (as high as 40%). Sometimes as much as six to eight times higher than a high-level creator.
Your Game’s Failure may be Your Failure
Many YouTube gamers specialize in one game. Often this game is Minecraft, but it might also be Smash Brothers or League of Legends or Starcraft or any of dozens of others. If your game alienates its user base, puts out a crappy sequel, or simply goes out of style, you might just need to start polishing up your resume.
It is frustrating to know that my channel’s success is very dependent on the popularity of Minecraft. I know it will be very difficult to maintain the same audience without Minecraft as the backbone of my channel. I’ve been trying to diversify my content lately to prepare for that but it’s not easy when all people want is Minecraft! — LDShadowLady (2.5M subscribers, 300M views)
Not All Bad News
Despite all of this, YouTube gaming is obviously working…and for a lot of people. Estimates of professional YouTube gamers range upwards of 10,000 people. They don’t make 100% of their money from YouTube ads, but they couldn’t make it work without them.
Gamers do have other paths to help them achieve sustainability, one of which isn’t open to many other creators (at least, at the moment.) Twitch.tv’s streaming platform creates a place for people to build audience, monetize more effectively, and to develop a more significant relationship with existing fans.
“Twitch is a place where I can turn normal fans into superfans.” — OMGChad
As audience size inevitably wanes, for some gamers Twitch is a place to move your most engaged viewers who are most likely to support you with voluntary paid subscriptions and donations.
“One ‘tradition’ for Youtube gamers is that when their channel declines, they will move to twitch streaming with their smaller more loyal audience. Actually a lot of those I know that made that switch are a lot happier streaming than they were making videos.” — LDShadowLady
Brand deals, if you can get them, are more plentiful in gaming as there are obvious endemic sponsors (the $22B gaming industry) that creators with a broader focus don’t always have. And YouTube Red distributing revenue based on watch time (not views) gamers (with their longer content) are poised to benefit more than the average creator.
But the most enviable thing in the online video gaming community is the community itself. Every person I talked to raved about the support they receive and the benefits and ease of connecting with other creators who make similar content and have similar audiences. “Its always healthy to be around other creators to talk about upcoming games,” said Craig (Mini Laddd) Thompson, “to bounce video ideas off each other or to network and grow together through multiplayer videos.”
Many gamers are able to supplement their income through the voluntary subscription platform Patreon as well. This works especially well for creators who have developed strong relationships with their communities that go far beyond viral content or a simple affinity for whatever game they play.
“If it wasn’t for a system like Patreon, I’m not sure I would have been able to continue doing this full-time even beyond 2014.” — KurtJMac
Ultimately, it’s the ravenous interest of the audience, the low barrier to entry, and the massively enticing possibility of becoming a full time creator that have pushed so many to create of so much and such varied content (and to market it so cleverly.)
If it seems like a fad to some, to me it looks like it’s just beginning.
“Some of the best content on YouTube comes from channels with a smaller sub-base…they still need to prove themselves and will go that extra mile to make sure everything they upload is the absolute best of their ability.” — Mini Laddd (2.4M subs, 240M views)
Hank Green is a professional YouTube creator and has been for the last eight years. In addition to co-founding Crash Course, SciShow, and the Vlogbrothers channel, he has a very small gaming channel (GamesWithHank.) He is also the CEO of VidCon, the world’s largest convention for the online video community.
