From Zero to Hero: MicroPython for Beginners

4 min readApr 1, 2024

Micro Python is an open-source implementation of Python 3, specifically designed for micro-controllers with limited memory. It offers a familiar Python experience with a subset of standard libraries optimized for these resource-constrained devices.This allows you to program micro-controllers like ESP8266, ESP32, Wipy, Pyboard, and Micro Bit using Python code, simplifying development and making it accessible to a wider range of programmers.In essence, Micro-Python brings the power of Python to the world of micro controllers.

Understanding MicroPython

MicroPython is a compact implementation of Python 3 that is optimized to run on microcontrollers and embedded systems. Its simplicity and ease of use make it an excellent choice for beginners entering the world of embedded programming. Unlike traditional embedded programming languages, MicroPython provides a familiar syntax and interactive development environment, making it accessible to a broader audience.

Getting Started

The first step on our journey is setting up the development environment. To begin, you’ll need a compatible microcontroller board such as the popular ESP32 or ESP8266, which are widely supported by MicroPython. Install the necessary drivers and development tools as per the manufacturer’s instructions.

Next, download the MicroPython firmware for your specific board from the official MicroPython website. Flash the firmware onto your board using tools like esptool for ESP boards or dfu-util for STM32 boards. This process establishes the MicroPython runtime environment on your device.

Ready to embark on your MicroPython adventure? Here’s what you’ll need:

Microcontroller: Popular options include the Raspberry Pi Pico and the ESP32. These tiny boards come equipped with everything you need to get started.
Development Environment: Choose a code editor or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that supports MicroPython. Thonny is a great option for beginners.
MicroPython for your board: Download and install the MicroPython firmware specific to your microcontroller.

Learning Micro-Python

There are many resources available to help you learn MicroPython. Here are a few suggestions:

Online Tutorials: Websites like https://learn.adafruit.com/category/micropython and https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/microcontrollers/micropython.html offer comprehensive tutorials tailored for beginners.
Books: Several beginner-friendly books introduce MicroPython concepts and projects in a step-by-step manner.
Online Courses: Platforms like https://www.udemy.com/ and https://www.pluralsight.com/ offer interactive courses that can guide you through the learning process.

From Basics to Projects

As you learn the fundamentals of MicroPython, like variables, loops, and functions, you’ll be ready to build exciting projects. Here are a few ideas to get you started:

Blinking LED: A classic beginner project that teaches you how to control hardware with code.
Reading Sensor Data: Connect sensors like temperature or light sensors to your microcontroller and learn to process real-world data.
Building an Interactive Gadget: Create a project that interacts with the user, such as a light display or a simple game.

Hello World in Micro Python

Once your board is ready, connect it to your computer via USB, and access the MicroPython REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop) using a terminal program such as PuTTY or minicom. You can now interactively execute Python commands directly on the board.

Let’s start with the classic “Hello, World!” program:

print("Hello, World!")

Execute this command in the REPL, and you should see the familiar greeting printed on the console.

Exploring MicroPython Features

MicroPython brings a wealth of features tailored for embedded systems development. From GPIO control to network programming, you’ll find powerful libraries and APIs at your disposal.

GPIO Control

Control LEDs, read sensor data, or interface with external devices using GPIO pins. MicroPython’s machine module provides easy-to-use APIs for GPIO operations.

from machine import Pin
led = Pin(2, Pin.OUT)  # Configure pin 2 as an output
led.on()  # Turn on the LED

Network Connectivity

MicroPython supports Wi-Fi and networking protocols, enabling IoT applications. Connect to Wi-Fi networks, fetch web content, or create web servers effortlessly.

import network
sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta_if.active(True)
sta_if.connect("SSID", "password")

Sensor Interfacing

Integrate sensors and read data using I2C, SPI, or UART protocols. MicroPython’s machine module simplifies sensor interfacing across various communication protocols.

from machine import I2C
i2c = I2C(scl=Pin(5), sda=Pin(4))
devices = i2c.scan()
print("Connected I2C devices:", devices)

Building Projects

As you gain familiarity with MicroPython, leverage its capabilities to build exciting projects. From home automation to robotics, MicroPython empowers you to turn ideas into functional prototypes quickly.

Example Project: Weather Station

Create a weather station using MicroPython, an ESP32 board, and sensors such as DHT11 (temperature and humidity) and BMP180 (barometric pressure). Collect sensor data, display it on an OLED screen, and publish it to an online platform using Wi-Fi connectivity.

Conclusion

In this journey from zero to hero in MicroPython, we’ve explored the basics, key features, and project possibilities. Whether you’re a hobbyist or a professional embedded developer, MicroPython opens doors to innovation and creativity in the world of microcontroller programming. Start small, experiment, and unleash the power of MicroPython in your next embedded project!