Ashford PHI 103 Entire Course Informal Logic ( New Course )
Ashford PHI 103 Entire Course Informal Logic ( New Course January 2014 )
PHI 103 Week 1 Assignment Paul and Elder Critical Thinking
PHI 103 Week 1 Assignment Plato or DuBois
PHI 103 Week 1 DQ Viewing Reality
PHI 103 Week 1 Journal Critical Thinking
PHI 103 Week 2 Assignment Apology
PHI 103 Week 2 Assignment Argument Outline
PHI 103 Week 2 DQ Arguments in Media
PHI 103 Week 3 DQ 1 Buying a Car Scenario
PHI 103 Week 3 DQ 2 Deductive and Inductive Arguments
PHI 103 Week 4 Assignment Crito
PHI 103 Week 4 Assignment Evaluate an Argument
PHI 103 Week 4 DQ 1 Fallacies in Media
PHI 103 Week 4 DQ 2 Legendary Hoax
PHI 103 Week 5 DQ Create an Argument
PHI 103 Week 5 Journal Course Reflection
PHI 103 Week 5 Final Paper
PHI 103 Week 1 Assignment Paul and Elder Critical Thinking
Paul and Elder Critical Thinking. Using the web pages associated with the Foundation for Critical Thinkingwebsite, choose one of the four topics below and respond to the aspects of the prompt in at least 400 words.
The essay must be 400 words in length, excluding title and reference pages, and formatted according to APA style. If you would like to refer to APA samples and tutorials, review the APA Checklist within the Ashford Writing Center (https://awc.ashford.edu/cd-apa-checklist.html) located in the Learning Resources tab in the left navigation bar. The only resources you will need to complete this assignment are the web pages of the critical thinking website that relate to your chosen topic. However, if you would like to include other sources, that is encouraged. Just be sure that you utilize the critical thinking web pages as your primary sources of information.
Choose one:
Inference and Assumption
Explain the difference between inference and assumption. Then, present four inferences you have made and connect those inferences to their underlying assumptions. Looking back, which of these were proper inferences, and which were improper inferences? Why?
Purpose, Point of View, and Decisions
Outline a problem that you currently face or have faced recently. Define the assumptions that you have about this issue. Explain your point of view, and outline the information that you have analyzed in relation to this problem. Finally, explain the implications that have arisen or will arise when you respond to this problem.
Valuable Intellectual Traits
Of the valuable intellectual traits listed in the online readings from this week, identify three of them that you believe you need to strengthen. Explain the traits, and then describe how you will attempt to implement actions in your life that will maximize those intellectual virtues.
Open-Minded Inquiry
Using the online reading “Open-minded Inquiry,” identify what you consider to be the three most important attributes that one must have as he or she approaches problems. Explain why you think these attributes are the three most important, and describe examples from your own life, or from the lives of those you know, in which people failed to display those attributes.
PHI 103 Week 1 Assignment Plato or DuBois
Plato or DuBois. Using this week’s required readings as references, select one of the two topics below and respond to the aspects of the prompt in at least 400 words.
The essay must be 400 words in length, excluding title and reference pages, and formatted according to APA style. If you would like to refer to APA samples and tutorials, review the APA Checklist within the Ashford Writing Center (https://awc.ashford.edu/cd-apa-checklist.html) located in the Learning Resources tab in the left navigation bar. This assignment can be completed by using the primary materials related to each prompt. Although you are required to use only one of these corresponding sources, you may choose to supplement your analysis with outside sources.
Choose one:
Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave”
Describe the movement of the person in Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave.” Identify all the stages in this movement and then explain how this allegory relates to your own life. Analyze what Plato is trying to convey about the nature of social reality and the outcomes of that reality for most of us? Finally, examine Plato’s idea about the best type of life. How does one reach this best form of existence? Do you think that Plato’s ideas about the best type of life actually reflect the best type of life? Why or why not?
Dubois’s “Of the Sons of Master and Man”
What is Dubois’s primary goal in this work? Explain two of the interactive relationships that Dubois examines in this essay. Next, determine how Dubois claims the African American experience differs from or is similar to the White experience in these two relationships. Explain an instance from your own life or the life of someone you know that reflects biased treatment of a certain ethnic group. What were the assumptions of the people who treated others this way and were those assumptions justified? Why, or why not?
PHI 103 Week 1 DQ Viewing Reality
http://www.homeworkmade.com/phi-103-new-course-january-2014/phi-103-week-1-dq-viewing-reality/
1. Viewing Reality. Read/view “Plato’s Allegory of the Cave,” the Stephen Brookfield Critical Thinkingvideo, and This is Water by David Foster Wallace video. Ask yourself, “Is there a difference between my perception of reality and reality itself?” Respond to this question while considering the following:
§ What preconceptions do I have in my life that might distort my vision of reality (i.e., create cognitive biases)? To help guide your thinking, consider how Dr. Stephen Brookfield’s preconceptions distortedhis vision of reality in the Stephen Brookfield Critical Thinking video or think about the situation of theprisoners in the cave or Wallace’s analysis of the supermarket.
§ What are steps I can take to overcome my distorted vision so that I might learn to understand more about the world?
§ Who has enhanced my knowledge of reality? § Who has manipulated my mind in relation to reality? § How can I break free from the bonds of those who seek to manipulate me?
For this discussion, you are not required to make an initial post. However, if you see there are few initial posts, you are encouraged to begin a discussion thread. You must post to this discussion on at least four separate days of the week and your posts must total at least 600 words as you address the questions noted above. This means that, in order to receive full credit, your first post must be completed by Friday at the latest (Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and Monday would satisfy the four day requirement). However, we encourage you to get into the discussion early in the week and begin interacting with your classmates and professor. Remember to post on at least four separate days during the week. Guided Response: Review your classmates’ posts. Reply to your classmates by offering suggestions for how they can overcome a distorted vision of the world and be confident in their understanding of reality.
PHI 103 Week 2 Assignment Apology
http://www.homeworkmade.com/phi-103-new-course-january-2014/phi-103-week-2-assignment-apology/
1. Apology. In Week One, you were introduced to one of the most famous works in philosophy: Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave.” In another work by Plato, titled Apology, Socrates is on trial. The word apologyin this context means defense. Socrates is presenting a defense of himself. In this reading, you will see how Socrates uses critical thinking to defend himself against the charges brought against him and the outcome of his trial. In fact, Socrates is generally recognized as being the founder of critical thinking. The Socratic method of questioning involves examining ideas in order to purify them and understand more about them. As you read the Apology, pay attention to the way that Socrates responds to his accusers and the methods he uses to present the argument that he is in fact innocent.
The essay must be 400 words in length, excluding title and reference pages, and formatted according to APA style. If you would like to refer to APA samples and tutorials, review the APA Checklist within the Ashford Writing Center (https://awc.ashford.edu/cd-apa-checklist.html) located in the Learning Resources tab in the left navigation bar. The only required resource for this assignment is theApology. This should be the piece that you primarily use to complete this assignment. Secondary sources are welcome but not necessary, and they may not be used in place of the Apology.
After you have read the Apology, write a 400-word essay in which you:
1. Identify both sets of charges that were brought against Socrates.
2. Explain how Socrates responds to these charges, and identify the premises he uses to support his claims
of innocence.
3.
1. Explain what Socrates claims is his role in Athenian society and how he knows that this is his role.
2. Present your own view of Socrates’ guilt or innocence.
§ Would you have voted to convict him or to set him free? § Support your claims with your premises/reasons.
PHI 103 Week 2 Assignment Argument Outline
1. Please choose one of the following videos: §
2. Peter Singer’s Ethics
3. § Slavoj Zizek in Examined Life
§ Martin Luther King Jr. on NBC’s Meet the Press in 1965 § Alan Keyes v. Barack Obama debate on death penalty
For this assignment, you will outline at least one of the arguments that you believe are made in the video you selected. In your outline:
o § Identify the issue that is addressed and the conclusion that is presented.
o § Identify the premises that are given in support of that conclusion.
o § Explain whether or not you think the argument is convincing by presenting your reasons for this position.
If you do not have evidence for your position, you should consult scholarly materials that relate to the position you present.
Here is an example (found in your online course) of an outline about an argument from the Monty Python Argument Clinic video. Utilize the same structure found in the example, but be sure to provide enough detail to satisfactorily complete all aspects of the prompt.
There is no minimum word count, but you must include a title page and reference page in APA style. The only required resource for this assignment is the multimedia source you chose to analyze. This should be the source that you primarily use to complete the assignment. Secondary sources are welcome but not necessary, and they should not be used in place of the argument piece you selected.
PHI 103 Week 2 DQ Arguments in Media
http://www.homeworkmade.com/phi-103-new-course-january-2014/phi-103-week-2-dq-arguments-in-media/
Arguments in Media. Complete this week’s “The Graduate” scenario. You will notice that there are multiple arguments presented to influence your perspective on the issue confronted in the scenario. You confront arguments every day. In our digital age, however, they do not merely happen in face to face gatherings. Media and social media are often used to convey arguments. View the examples provided in “The Graduate Scenario” activity as well as those presented in this week’s required multimedia
resources to see what arguments in the media may look like. Then, on your own, find an example of an argument from a media source. In your initial post:
• § Include a link or bibliographical information for the source in your discussion post.
• § Determine the issue that is being discussed and the conclusion that is drawn on that issue.
• § Explain the reasons that are given for that conclusion in the example that you identify.
• § Finally, explain whether or not you were convinced by the argument. If you were convinced, explain why
you found the argument strong or sound. If you were not convinced, explain why you found the argument weak and lacking.
You must post to this discussion on at least four separate days of the week, and your posts must total at least 600 words as you address this discussion. This means that, in order to receive full credit, your first post must be completed by Friday at the latest (Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and Monday would satisfy the four-day requirement). However, we encourage you to get into the discussion early in the week and begin interacting with your classmates and professor. Remember to post on at least four separate days during the week.
Guided Response: Review your classmates’ posts. As you respond to one another, view the sources that your classmates chose to discuss. If you see reasons supporting the argument that have been overlooked, add those reasons to your discussion response. If you think that there is a different conclusion that is being presented than what your classmate described, provide that alternate conclusion. You might also consider responding to the argument that is made and supporting your responses with evidence and logical reasoning. Use evidence drawn from other sources to support your claims.
PHI 103 Week 3 DQ 1 Buying a Car Scenario
Buying a Car Scenario. Prior to answering this week’s discussion, make sure you have completed the readings and can spend time fully examining the “Buying a Car” scenario.
In the car buying scenario, just like in real life, you were presented with an argument for making a different purchase than what you had originally intended. Think of a time recently where you were presented with an argument that was intended to change your opinion on something. Using that event, complete the following:
a. Present the argument in premise-conclusion form. b. Identify whether or not it was inductive or deductive and evaluate it for quality. Be sure to speak in terms
of valid/sound for deductive arguments and strong/weak for inductive arguments. Note that last week you were merely asked to present whether or not you found the argument convincing. This week you are being asked to use your new knowledge to evaluate the arguments based on validity, soundness, and strength.
c. Explain whether or not you were convinced by the argument. d. Explain whether you were correct in your judgment of the argument.
Use the “Steps for Evaluating an Argument” template (found in the online classroom) to help you structure your response. After you have completed the argument template, you will then be able to use that template to write out a response in which you cover all the elements that were included in the argument template.
You must post to this discussion on at least four separate days of the week, and your posts must total at least 400 words as you address the questions in this discussion. This means that, in order to receive full credit, your first post must be completed by Friday at the latest (Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and Monday would satisfy the four-day requirement). However, we encourage you to get into the discussion early in the week and begin interacting with your classmates and professor. Remember to post on at least four separate days during the week.
Guided Response: Read the reflections of several of your classmates. Do you agree with their identification (inductive/deductive) and evaluation (valid/sound and weak/strong)? What made the argument either convincing or unconvincing?
PHI 103 Week 3 DQ 2 Deductive and Inductive Arguments
Deductive and Inductive Arguments. Present an example of an unsound valid deductive argument and a sound valid deductive argument from the media. Explain why you believe the arguments are sound and unsound. Include a URL to the arguments drawn from a media source. You may draw from the week’s required multimedia for examples. If you are unable to locate examples from the media, you may identify arguments from your life. After you have presented your deductive examples, present an example of an inductive argument from the media and determine whether it is strong or weak. Explain your reasoning about why it is strong or weak, and then explain how the argument might be strengthened. Include a URL to the argument drawn from a media source. If you are unable to locate examples from the media, you may identify an argument from your life.
You must post to this discussion on at least four separate days of the week, and your posts must total at least 600 words as you address this discussion. This means that, in order to receive full credit, your first post must be completed by Friday at the latest (Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and Monday would satisfy the four-day requirement). However, we encourage you to get into the discussion early in the week and begin interacting with your classmates and professor. Remember to post on at least four separate days during the week.
Guided Response: Evaluate your classmates’ assessments of the deductive and inductive arguments, and then explain whether you agree or disagree with their analyses. If you see things from a different perspective, attempt to provide a counter-example that demonstrates your own perspective.
PHI 103 Week 4 Assignment Crito
http://www.homeworkmade.com/phi-103-new-course-january-2014/phi-103-week-4-assignment-crito/
1. Crito. Having read the Apology, you now know that Socrates was convicted and given a punishment of death. This week you will read a dialogue called the Crito. Socrates is in jail awaiting his death and he is visited by his young friend, Crito. Crito presents an argument to Socrates that claims Socrates should escape from prison.
In 400 words or more:
1. Explain the arguments Crito uses to try to persuade Socrates to escape from prison.
2. Identify the premises that he uses to support his claim that Socrates should escape.
3. Explain at least one of Socrates’s counterarguments that arise in relation to Crito’s argument.
4. Identify the premises Socrates uses to support his conclusion.
The essay must be 400 words in length, excluding title and reference pages, and formatted according to APA style. If you would like to refer to APA samples and tutorials, review the APA Checklist within the Ashford Writing Center (https://awc.ashford.edu/cd-apa-checklist.html) located in the Learning Resources tab in the left navigation bar. The only required resource for this assignment is the Crito. This should be the piece that you primarily use to complete this assignment. Secondary sources are welcome but not necessary and should not be used in place of the argument piece you analyze (theCrito).
PHI 103 Week 4 Assignment Evaluate an Argument
1. Evaluate an Argument. Choose an argument that you found online (you may utilize an argument from a video posted online, a blog, a news source, a political website, or any other resource that will allow you to satisfactorily meet the requirements of the assignment). You may also select from this week’srelevant recommended resources.
Once you have selected your source, you will then evaluate the argument being presented in the source in an essay of 400 words. In your evaluation:
a. Identify the issue, the premises, and conclusions of the argument. b. Determine whether the argument is sound or unsound (deductive), valid or invalid (deductive), or strong
or weak (inductive). c. Explain why you have chosen to label it as sound or unsound, valid or invalid, and/or strong or weak.
Use the “Steps for Evaluating an Argument” template (found in the online classroom) for assistance with structuring your evaluation; however, you should construct and submit your evaluation in an essay format. Do not merely turn in a bulleted outline. The essay must be 400 words in length, excluding title and reference pages, and formatted according to APA style. For information regarding APA formatting, including samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center, located within the Learning Resources tab on the left navigation toolbar in your online course. The only required resource for this assignment is the media object or written work you analyze. This should be the piece that you primarily use to complete this assignment. Secondary sources are welcome but not necessary, and they should not be used in place of the argument piece you analyze.
PHI 103 Week 4 DQ 1 Fallacies in Media
http://www.homeworkmade.com/phi-103-new-course-january-2014/phi-103-week-4-dq-1-fallacies-in-media/
Fallacies in Media. One rich source of fallacies is the media: television, radio, magazines, and the Internet. The arguments you experience in your daily life (work, family, shopping) are another source of fallacies. Identify three distinct informal logical fallacies you have experienced in the media or in your life. Explain how the fallacies were used and the context in which they occurred. Then, explain what the person presenting the fallacy should have done to ensure that he or she was not committing a logical error.
You must post to this discussion on at least four separate days of the week, and your posts must total at least 500 words as you address this discussion. This means that, in order to receive full credit, your first post must be completed by Friday at the latest (Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and Monday would satisfy the four-day requirement). However, we encourage you to get into the discussion early in the week and begin interacting with your classmates and professor. Remember to post on at least four separate days during the week.
Guided Response: Review several of your classmates’ posts. Respond to your classmates by commenting on whether or not you would have been fooled by these fallacies and how your new knowledge impacts how you view truth in the media and in your life.
PHI 103 Week 4 DQ 2 Legendary Hoax
http://www.homeworkmade.com/phi-103-new-course-january-2014/phi-103-week-4-dq-2-legendary-hoax/
Legendary Hoax. Explore a legendary hoax from the Museum of Hoaxes. Describe the elements and details of the hoax. Applying what you know about how to evaluate arguments, pretend you were presented with this hoax and outline the steps you would take to evaluate it. How does this hoax encourage critically evaluating sources of information? Explain three methods by which you can prevent yourself from being fooled by hoaxes or other sources of misinformation.
You must post to this discussion on at least four separate days of the week, and your posts must total at least 500 words as you address this discussion. This means that, in order to receive full credit, your first post must be completed by Friday at the latest (Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and Monday would satisfy the four-day requirement). However, we encourage you to get into the discussion early in the week and begin interacting with your classmates and professor. Remember to post on at least four separate days during the week.
Guided Response: Review several of your classmates’ posts. Reply to at least two of your classmates by sharing why you think some people believed the hoax and why others might have been more skeptical. You might also reflect on times when you were fooled by hoaxes or misinformation and how you plan on preventing this in the future.
PHI 103 Week 5 DQ Create an Argument
http://www.homeworkmade.com/phi-103-new-course-january-2014/phi-103-week-5-dq-create-an-argument/
Create an Argument. Before participating in this discussion,
please make sure you have completed the readings and have comprehensively analyzed “The Raise”interactive scenario to ensure you can fully address the prompt.
In “The Raise” scenario, you were asked to construct arguments in favor of getting a raise. Using the knowledge you gained from the “The Raise” scenario, pick something that you are passionate about and create an argument, either inductive or deductive, to present your strongest position on that issue. Present your argument in premise- conclusion form. View the following human rights videos listed under this week’s required multimedia:
§ Gem Slaves: Tanzanite’s child labour — Part — 1 § Why women count video clip collection: Southeast Asia, Pacific, Caribbean, Latin America § Children and human rights, part 1: Rights & wrongs — Human rights television § Child labor, part 1: Rights & wrongs — Human rights television
Focus your analysis on a specific contemporary human rights issue. You can use an issue from these videos or use what you learn in these videos to address another specific issue that is of interest to you.
Use the “Steps for Creating an Argument” template (found in the online classroom) to help you structure your response. After you have completed the argument template, you will then be able to use that template to write out a narrative response in which you cover all the elements that were included in the argument template.
You must post to this discussion on at least four separate days of the week and your posts must total at least 600 words as you address this discussion. This means that, in order to receive full credit, your first post must be completed by Friday at the latest (Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and Monday would satisfy the four-day requirement). However, we encourage you to get into the discussion early in the week and begin interacting with your classmates and professor. Remember to post on at least four days in the week.
Guided Response: Read the reflections of your classmates and analyze the issues that they identified. You might consider playing devil’s advocate to bring out more detail in the issue. You might also fill in areas that you felt your classmate missed. Did your classmate present a convincing argument? Why, or why not? Which part of the argument do you dispute (premise, conclusion, structure, etc.)? How might the argument be strengthened?
PHI 103 Week 5 DQ Create an Argument
http://www.homeworkmade.com/phi-103-new-course-january-2014/phi-103-week-5-dq-create-an-argument/
Create an Argument. Before participating in this discussion,
please make sure you have completed the readings and have comprehensively analyzed “The Raise”interactive scenario to ensure you can fully address the prompt.
In “The Raise” scenario, you were asked to construct arguments in favor of getting a raise. Using the knowledge you gained from the “The Raise” scenario, pick something that you are passionate about and create an argument, either inductive or deductive, to present your strongest position on that issue. Present your argument in premise- conclusion form. View the following human rights videos listed under this week’s required multimedia:
§ Gem Slaves: Tanzanite’s child labour — Part — 1 § Why women count video clip collection: Southeast Asia, Pacific, Caribbean, Latin America § Children and human rights, part 1: Rights & wrongs — Human rights television § Child labor, part 1: Rights & wrongs — Human rights television
Focus your analysis on a specific contemporary human rights issue. You can use an issue from these videos or use what you learn in these videos to address another specific issue that is of interest to you.
Use the “Steps for Creating an Argument” template (found in the online classroom) to help you structure your response. After you have completed the argument template, you will then be able to use that template to write out a narrative response in which you cover all the elements that were included in the argument template.
You must post to this discussion on at least four separate days of the week and your posts must total at least 600 words as you address this discussion. This means that, in order to receive full credit, your first post must be completed by Friday at the latest (Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and Monday would satisfy the four-day requirement). However, we encourage you to get into the discussion early in the week and begin interacting with your classmates and professor. Remember to post on at least four days in the week.
Guided Response: Read the reflections of your classmates and analyze the issues that they identified. You might consider playing devil’s advocate to bring out more detail in the issue. You might also fill in areas that you felt your classmate missed. Did your classmate present a convincing argument? Why, or why not? Which part of the argument do you dispute (premise, conclusion, structure, etc.)? How might the argument be strengthened?
