Alta: A Time-Honored Tradition of Beauty and Culture

Alta, an ancient and traditional red dye, has been an integral part of the Indian subcontinent’s culture for centuries. Often applied to the feet and hands, Alta is not just a cosmetic but a symbol of auspiciousness and beauty. Derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Lakshaya Rasa,’ meaning Lac, this eco-friendly and sustainable Shringaar (adornment) practice is native to the Indian subcontinent. In this detailed blog, we will delve into the fascinating history, cultural significance, and various uses of Alta in India.

The History of Alta:

The use of Alta can be traced back to ancient India, where it symbolized femininity, beauty, and auspiciousness. Historically, women incorporated Alta into their daily beauty routines and adorned themselves with it during festivals, weddings, and other celebrations. In some regions, Alta also denotes a woman’s married status and is applied during religious ceremonies. This ancient practice has transcended borders and is also used in neighboring countries like Bangladesh and Pakistan. The word “Alta” is believed to have its roots in the Sanskrit word “Alaktaka,” which means ‘a red dye.’

The Origins of Alta:

The roots of Alta can be traced back to ancient India, where it was crafted using natural ingredients. Traditional Alta was made by soaking betel leaves, nuts, and lac in water for an extended period, resulting in a thick and vibrant red color. This exquisite red dye has been an integral part of Indian customs, especially in the northern, central, and eastern regions. Traditionally, Alta was crafted from betel leaves. Later, artificial products like vermillion (Sindoor) or Kumkum (Red Powder) were used to create a similar liquid. Today, Alta is primarily made from lac and various chemical colors.

Alta in Sanskrit Literature:

Alta’s mention can also be found in Sanskrit literature, including the famous work “Abhijnana-Shakuntalam” by Kalidasa. In this epic, the protagonist Shakuntala adorns her hands and feet with this red dye, highlighting its cultural significance in the context of beauty and tradition.

Cultural Significance:

Alta holds profound cultural importance in the Indian subcontinent, playing a pivotal role in various traditional and religious events, including:

1. Aesthetic Enhancement: Alta is primarily used for its aesthetic appeal. When applied to the palms and feet, it transforms them into vibrant canvases, enhancing the beauty of these body parts. It adds an exquisite touch to the overall appearance of individuals, especially brides and dancers.
2. Cultural Tradition: Alta is deeply embedded in the cultural fabric of India. It is a part of the ‘Solah Shringar,’ the 16 Bridal Adornments, showcasing its importance in a bride’s journey. Its presence is indispensable in numerous Indian customs, particularly during weddings and festivals.
3. Religious Significance: Alta plays a significant role in post-wedding rituals in India. When a new bride enters her in-law’s house for the first time, she is expected to dip her feet in a thal (plate) of Alta and then walk inside the house. This symbolic act leaves a trail of her red footprints, signifying the entrance of Goddess Lakshmi into the household, bringing prosperity and good fortune.
4. Mythological References: Alta’s association with Lord Krishna and Radha adds to its mythological significance. Krishna, a male deity, is frequently depicted wearing Alta. He adorns the red dye on his palms, feet, and even wears a nose ring and anklets. His posture, known as “Tribhanga,” is considered ‘feminine’ in nature and has earned him the title of “Banke Bihari.” When he performs the Raas-leela with gopis, his feet soaked in Alta resemble those of a graceful dancer. This unique blend of masculinity and femininity in Krishna’s depiction showcases the diversity and inclusivity of Alta in Indian culture. Furthermore, the tale of Krishna lovingly applying Alta to Radha’s feet is a poignant expression of affection and devotion. Such stories reinforce the cultural and spiritual importance of Alta.
5. Symbolism of Fertility: Alta’s resemblance to blood has led to its association with fertility and prosperity. In some cultures, it is believed that applying Alta brings good fortune and ensures a fruitful and harmonious life for newlyweds.
6. Cooling Effect: Beyond its ornamental use, Alta provides a cooling effect to the body when applied to the skin. This makes it a practical choice, especially during hot and humid Indian summers, offering relief and comfort.
7. Artistic Expression: In the realm of Indian classical dance, Alta is a crucial part of a dancer’s attire. It complements the intricate hand and foot movements, making gestures and expressions more vivid and dramatic.
8. Cultural Identity: Alta serves as a cultural marker, distinguishing various Indian regions and communities. Its use may vary in terms of color and application style, reflecting the unique traditions and practices of different cultural groups.
9. Post-Wedding Ritual: Alta’s role in the post-wedding ceremony, where the bride steps into it before entering her in-laws’ house, signifies the auspicious entry of Goddess Lakshmi into the new household. It is a symbolic and ritualistic representation of blessings and prosperity.
10. Revival and Modern Use: While the influence of Henna and other modern cosmetics has grown in recent times, Alta continues to be cherished and preserved as a timeless tradition. Its revival in mainstream media and films can reintroduce this beautiful art form to a global audience.

How is Alta Made?

Traditionally, Alta is crafted from the leaves of the Alkanna tinctoria plant, also known as Ratanjot. These leaves are soaked in water, crushed to extract the dye, and then mixed with other natural ingredients like lime, turmeric, and alum to create the vibrant red color. The mixture is stored in earthen pots to mature before use. While commercially available Alta is often made from synthetic red dyes, the traditional method of crafting natural Alta is still practiced in some parts of India.

Benefits of Using Alta for Women’s Beauty:

1. Natural and Safe: Traditional Alta, made from natural ingredients, is safe to use and does not contain harmful chemicals. It is hypoallergenic and suitable for all skin types.

2. Enhancing Natural Beauty: The vibrant red color of Alta enhances the natural beauty of women, adding elegance and grace to their appearance. The intricate designs created with Alta showcase the artistic skill and creativity of the person applying it.

3. Promoting Skin Health: The natural ingredients in Alta, such as turmeric, possess anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties that promote skin health. They help reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and prevent infections.

4. Cooling Effect and Body Adornment: Beyond its aesthetic appeal, Alta provides a cooling effect to the body when applied to the skin, making it especially popular during hot Indian summers. It’s not just a cosmetic practice; it also offers comfort.

Replacement by Henna:

The Islamic invasion of India brought new customs and traditions, including Henna or Mehendi. As Muslim culture influenced various parts of India, the use of Alta began to decline, gradually replaced by Henna. However, Alta’s significance remains intact in specific regions.

Alta vs. Henna: What’s the Difference?

1. Cultural Preference: The choice between Alta and henna often comes down to cultural preference and significance. Alta is deeply rooted in Indian traditions, especially in specific regions, while henna enjoys broader recognition globally.

2. Drying Time: Alta dries quickly, typically within a few minutes, making it a convenient option for those with busy schedules. Henna, in contrast, requires a longer drying time, sometimes hours or overnight, to achieve the desired color.

3. Durability: Alta’s vibrant red color may fade relatively quickly compared to henna, which can last for a longer duration. The choice between the two may depend on the desired longevity of the body art.

4. Ingredients and Color: The primary distinction lies in the ingredients and resulting color. Alta is sourced from Alkanna tinctoria leaves, producing a red hue, while henna comes from Lawsonia inermis leaves, creating a dark brown or orange stain on the skin.

Alta in Global Spotlight:

While Alta has appeared in period and Bengal-inspired movies like “Jodha Akbar,” “Parineeta,” and “Chokher Bali,” it remains relatively unknown to global audiences. Bollywood’s portrayal of an “Alta ceremony” in a mainstream film could potentially revive this beautiful tradition.

Conclusion:

Alta, the traditional red dye, embodies both beauty and culture in the Indian subcontinent. With its natural ingredients and vibrant color, Alta enhances women’s beauty, promotes skin health, and holds significant cultural value. Whether you incorporate Alta into your daily beauty routine or use it for special occasions, this ancient dye offers a unique and elegant way to celebrate femininity and cultural heritage. Alta, with its deep-rooted history and multifaceted cultural significance, continues to be a symbol of beauty, tradition, and artistry in India. Whether it graces the hands and feet of brides, adorns the idols of deities, or enhances the grace of classical dancers, Alta is a testament to India’s diverse cultural heritage. Its vibrant red hue remains a timeless expression of purity, prosperity, and devotion in Indian rituals and celebrations.