《大戲局》（Le Grand Jeu）：一套動手共同設計永續微型經濟的實作工具
原作者：Raffaella Rovida (Raffa)，翻譯者：Shih-Chieh Ilya Li @ilya
原文連結在此：https://medium.com/@r.rovida81/le-grand-jeu-is-a-hands-on-tool-to-co-design-sustainable-micro-economies-empowered-by-261ee906decf
Le Grand Jeu 《大戲局》is a hands-on tool to co-design sustainable micro-economies empowered by crypto-currency. The aim of the Game is to develop narratives about the society of the future nurturing and raising this answer from a collective, playful and creative consciousness. In particular we use the tool to facilitate the development of a shared vision for “glocal” communities willing to find new forms of organization, to discover new ways to create value and “a new type of abundance centered around the wealth of the Commons”.
Le Grand Jeu 《大戲局》是一個動手共同設計（co-design）加密貨幣所啟動的永續微型經濟的工具。這個遊戲的目的是從集體、遊戲性（playful）與創造性的意識，發展關於足以孕育並提出解答的未來社會的敘事。我們特別運用這個工具來協助「願意尋找新型態的組織、發現溝通價值的新方式，以及集中圍繞公共財的財富之新型態的豐富度的全球在地社群」，他們共享視野的發展。
After 3 years of co-design of the game our goal is to use it to open our mind to the concept of crypto businesses: what kind of organizations can they enable? How can we use it to create a different kind of economy: fairer, transparent, sustainable on the long run? In an interesting post M.Maples stated “blockchains and crypto businesses can drive the standard of living forward even faster, by creating a new type of abundance centered around the wealth of the Commons. But we have to think bigger, beyond traditional corporate structures. We need 21st Century JP Morgans, Rockefellers, and Carnegies”. When we started to design the game we were following the illustrious example of Elisabeth Phillips that actually designed Landlord’s Game, aka Monopoli, as a protest against the big monopolists of her time — people like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller.
在三年多來的共同設計遊戲過程中，我們的目標是使用它打開我們的心靈，認識加密事業的概念：它們可以支撐起什麼樣的組織？我們可以怎麼樣使用它來創造一個不一樣的經濟：更公平的、更透明的、更為永續與長久運作的？在一篇有趣的文章中，M. Maples 宣稱「區塊鏈與加密事業可以驅動生活標準朝向更快速、藉由創造一個新型態的豐富性聚集圍繞在公共財的財富上。但是我們必須要想得更大，超越傳統的企業結構。我們需要二十一世紀的摩根大通、洛克斐勒與卡內基。」當我們開始設計遊戲，我們跟隨著伊莉莎白·菲利浦的著名經典範例「大富翁」（Monopoli） — — 它其實是設計過的地主的遊戲，作為抗議她的時代的巨型壟斷者 — — 就像安筑·卡內基（Andrew Carnegie）與約翰·D·洛克斐勒（John D. Rockefeller）一樣。
I find these names and the strong feelings around them inspiring! For sure we need great people and to think outside the box but what I actually hope and work for is to develop collective consciousnesses able to create their participated economy incorporating their values, their rules and the long-term vision they want and they set up together.
我發現這些名字與圍繞著他們的強大感覺非常具有啟發性！我們當然需要偉大的人物典範、同時需要跳脫限制框架來思考，但是我真正希望與努力的，是要發展足以創造他們自己的參與經濟、納入他們自身的價值、規則與所需要的、且共同設置的長期視野，這樣的集體的意識。
In our latest playful experience in Helsinki, we called it “the black-box”. We decided to deal with policies and taxation outside this black-box. The community needs to grow stronger not to get hindered by local governments as it happened for example with the many attempts to set up timebanks. We are therefore protecting our micro-economy, keeping it into the black-box and focusing on co-designing currencies, smart-contracts and game rules that make sense for that specific community. Once the micro-economy will be explained to ourselves it will be easier to show it to the rest of the world and deal with the many constraints and barriers that the status-quo will present.
在我們最近在赫爾辛基的遊戲性體驗，我們稱呼它「那個黑盒子」。我們決定在這個黑盒子外部，處理政治與稅捐。社區需要變得更強壯，舉例來說在許多嘗試要建立「時間銀行」（timebank）時，能夠不被在地政府所阻礙。我們於是保護著我們的微型經濟，保持讓他置身於黑盒子中，並且聚焦在共同設計貨幣、智慧合約與遊戲規則，讓他們對特定的社區具有意義。一但微型經濟能夠對我們說得通，它可以較容易對世界展示，並且能夠處理許多限制與阻礙 — — 這些現狀將會呈現。
Main steps of Le Grand Jeu:
《大戲局》的里程碑：
3 years ago I started a long conversation with Federico Bonelli, an artivist of dyne.org, a Foundation of hackers creating FreeSoftware to empower communities. Federico was also the artistic director of Trasformatorio.net, a site specific performance research lab, where he had been exploring with local communities permaculture practices and art-driven social innovation, sometimes also supported by technology. Me, instead, I was coming from my engineering background on circular economy in urban and industrial contexts and from my current experience at the Copenhagen Institute of Interaction Design where I was exploring co-design and rapid prototyping. We were talking about entropy and democracy, social engagement and sustainability…when suddenly Federico’s friends at Dyne asked him to find a way to explain cryptocurrency and how it could change the face of economy. And this is how it all began!
三年前我開始跟 Dyne.org 的運動者 Federico Bonelli 有一串漫長的討論。Dyne.org 是一個由創作自由軟體來對社群培力的黑客所組成的基金會。Federico 同時也是 Trasformatorio.org 的藝術總監：這是一個聚焦在場所中心之展演的研究實驗室，他跟在地社群一起探索樸門（permaculture）的實踐與藝術驅動的社會創新，有時候也由科技所支持。我則來自都市與工業脈絡的循環經濟與工程背景，目前在哥本哈根互動設計中心工作，探討共同設計（co-design）與快速雛型化（rapid prototyping）。我們討論關於熵（entropy）與民主、社會介入與永續性…當很突然地 Federico 在 Dyne.org 的朋友希望他找到一種方式來解釋加密貨幣，以及它將如何可能改變經濟的面貌時，這個遊戲與相對應的方法論思辨就誕生了！
#1.Milan — 10–14 July 2016. Macao, a beautiful squat house in Milan, hosted our artist residency. We worked with them 5 days to co-design a game that could support communities to talk about micro-economies, develop positive narratives and even design their own system. We reached Macao with just few ideas and inspirations:
第一，米蘭：2016 年七月十日到十四日，Macao，一個在米蘭的美麗佔屋空間，接待了我們的駐村藝術家。我們跟他們一起工作五天，共同設計了一套遊戲：可以支持社區討論微型經濟、發展正向的敘事，並且甚至同時設計他們自己的系統。我們到 Macao 開始的時候帶著一些靈感跟啟發：
the genesis of Monopoli: a game originally developed to demonstrate the feasibility of socialist and progressive doctrines of Tureau by Elisabeth Phillips that patented it in 1903. The monopolist version of the game was eventually claimed by Charles Darrow as his own and sold to Parker Brothers. Understanding the importance of such a tool to collectively create, digest and communicate new knowledge we decided to keep the entire process open, participative and, in the end, we released the game as Creative Common, we shared it on GitHub and we encourage forks!
《大富翁》（Monopoly）的誕生：一個伊莉莎白·菲利浦 1903 年創作並且申請專利的遊戲，最初被發展用來展現 Tureau 社會主義與進步教條的可行性，大富翁版本的遊戲後來被查理·戴洛（Charles Darrow）所掌握，宣稱是他所有並且賣給派克兄弟（Parker Brothers）。基於認識到這樣工具在集體創造、消化與溝通新知識的重要性，我們決定讓整個過程開放、參與性與最終釋出為創用 cc 授權，我們在 GitHub 上面分享並且鼓勵分岔（fork） — — 任何人都可以根據雛形來建構自己的新版本！
The name of the game: Le Grand Jeu. It refers to the tongue in cheek name given to diplomacy in the 19th century. The secret treaties and aggressive colonialistic policies that brought the world to WWI. The table of the “great games¨ that We are in no way able to touch.
遊戲的名稱：《大戲局》（Le Grand Jeu）。它指涉到同一個命名用來稱呼十九世紀的外交與國際局勢。這個秘密的條約與積極的殖民主義政策，將世界帶向第一次世界大戰。那些「大遊戲」的遊戲桌面我們已經無法觸及。
looking for a positive, constructive narrative based on the concept “Think global, act local” but also willing to foster a high degree of freedom considering “democracy rightly conceived is not so much a goal as it is a process” (J.Dewey).
尋找著一個正面的、建構的敘事，是基於「全球思考，在地行動」的概念，但同時也願意促進一個關注「被正確地構思的民主，不應該是一個目標，更應該是一個過程」（杜威）的更高程度的自由
2 coins: black and white. To incorporate externalities.
In 4 days we designed and played 6 different iterations. Finally the game was easy enough, it was fun and running smoothly: we were ready with Iteration #6 for a big tournament. That night was a big success: 3 tables playing for more than 3 hours creating completely different narratives, dynamics and ideas.
兩種貨幣：黑與白。為了要把外部性納入而運用。
在四天中我們設計與玩了六種重複情境。最終這個遊戲變得夠簡單，好玩與運作順暢：我們準備好重複進行，以致於變成一個大的比賽。那個晚上非常成功。三桌玩超過三小時，創造了完全不同的故事、動態關係與想法。
#2.Venice — May 2017. S.A.L.E. DOKS invited us to be part of Dark Matter Games, site to the Biennial of Art 2017. We spent 2 days playing with random people visiting the Biennial and collecting feedback. In the end the last day we played with a community of people living in a popular area that they were managing as a cooperative. We were keep adjusting and improving details but the game was very intuitive at that point, it run smoothly enabling people to create and see the behaviour of almost anything from agriculture, to industry, from finance, to social politics.
威尼斯的經驗：2017 年五月 S.A.L.E. DOKS 邀請我們參與 2017 年藝術雙年展的 Dark Matter Games。我們花了兩天跟隨機參觀雙年展的人們玩《大戲局》並且收集回饋意見。最後一天我們跟一個住在熱門地區的一個特定社區人們一起玩：他們在管理一個合作社。我們持續調整與改進細節，但是遊戲非常直觀，運作順暢讓人們創造與觀察各種從農業、工業、金融到社會政治的種種行為。
#3. Taipei and Huanzhou — November 2018. Dyne was part of the Conference “Urban Fabric”. Federico run several workshops. In the game there is no cultural gap. Players got the logic and started to play, they set up their rules, they spoke their language and they thought the game is a great tool to design bottom-up technology and systems.
台北與杭州：2018 年十一月，Dyne 是都市智慧網絡研討會的一部分。Federico 主持了幾個工作坊。在遊戲中沒有任何的文化鴻溝。玩家很快抓到邏輯開始玩桌遊，設定了自己的規則、說著自己的語言，並且認為這個遊戲是很棒的由下而上設計科技與系統的工具。
#4.Helsinki — December 2018. The EU project Commonfare adopted the game as a design and communication tool. They asked us to bring the project around Northern Europe by means of 6 workshops using the game as a tool to talk about micro-economies and crypto-currency and how to use this latter to create something new, something fair and not just to reproduce the global capitalist economy on a small scale. And here we are with many more workshops to run around Europe!
赫爾辛基：2018 年十二月，EU 計畫 Commonfare 運用這個遊戲作為設計與溝通工具。他們請我們把這個計畫經由六個工作坊作為工具，帶到北歐：引介微型經濟、加密貨幣，以及如何用後者來創造某種新的、更為公平的，不只是在一個較小的尺度上複製全球資本主義經濟。我們現在在歐洲舉辦了更多的工作坊！
